Criteria for Flats Design that Meet the Needs of All Community Groups and Their Implications for Construction Costs

Abstract

The increasing demand for affordable urban housing has highlighted the importance of developing flats that are not only sufficient in quantity but also inclusive, accessible, and responsive to the needs of diverse community groups. Many existing flats still face limitations in accommodating older adults, children, people with disabilities, and other vulnerable residents due to inadequate accessibility features and supporting facilities. This study aimed to formulate inclusive flat design criteria, evaluate the suitability of Central Cigugur Flats in Cimahi City based on these criteria, and analyze the implications of design improvements for construction costs. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through field observations, documentation, interviews with residents and flat managers, technical drawings, regulations, and construction cost data. The findings indicated that Central Cigugur Flats had not fully met inclusive design requirements, particularly in terms of vertical circulation, accessibility facilities, residential unit flexibility, children’s spaces, and communal areas. The proposed design improvements increased residential unit areas and enhanced accessibility features, resulting in higher architectural costs per unit but lower construction costs per square meter. In conclusion, implementing inclusive flat design can improve residential quality, safety, and usability while maintaining construction efficiency. This study provides practical recommendations for developing affordable and sustainable vertical housing that considers both social inclusion and economic feasibility.