Journal of Social Research

Gen Z’s Perceptions of Masculinity and Violence in the Series “Weak Hero Class 2”

2026-06-03T07:52:25+00:00

The development of digital platforms has made it easier for audiences to access and watch Korean drama series, including the series “Weak Hero Class 2.” This study aims to understand how Indonesian Gen Z responds to and interprets the portrayal of masculinity and violence in the series, as well as to explore their perspectives. The method used was descriptive qualitative, and data analysis was conducted through reception analysis based on Stuart Hall's theory. The results show that audiences interpret representations of masculinity and violence in various ways. The decoding process and audience interpretation reveal both positive and negative views of the depiction of violence, which is not straightforward. The presence of both acceptance and rejection among Gen Z viewers presents a paradox. Violence is viewed as part of social dynamics, and, on an individual level, masculinity is closely linked to violence, specifically physical aggression. Three types of meaning dominant-hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional emerge in how audiences receive representations of masculinity and violence in “Weak Hero Class 2.” Audience background influences interpretation and affects how they accept or reject the portrayals of masculinity and violence in the series.

Management of Severe Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Chronic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2026-06-01T18:14:05+00:00

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement, often complicated by hematologic disorders such as warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). AIHA in SLE patients can lead to severe anemia, jaundice, organ dysfunction, and increased mortality, yet data on its management, particularly in severe cases, remain limited. This study aimed to describe the diagnosis, management, and clinical outcomes of severe warm AIHA in a patient with chronic SLE. A qualitative case report methodology was employed, collecting data through anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory testing, imaging studies, and treatment documentation. The patient, a 28-year-old female with chronic SLE, presented with severe normochromic-normocytic anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, and discoid lesions. Management included methylprednisolone pulse therapy, hydroxychloroquine, packed red cell transfusions, supportive care, and vitamin D supplementation. Clinical monitoring demonstrated progressive improvement in hemoglobin levels, reduction in autoimmune activity, and resolution of systemic symptoms over five days of hospitalization. The study concludes that integrated medical and supportive therapies are effective for stabilizing severe warm AIHA in chronic SLE, emphasizing the need for individualized care and close monitoring. Future research should focus on larger cohorts to validate treatment protocols, explore adjunctive therapies, and identify predictive markers for severe hemolysis to enhance early diagnosis and improve long-term patient outcomes.

A Study of Restorative Justice in Cases of Minor Assault

2026-06-06T01:35:58+00:00

This study investigates the implementation of restorative justice in minor assault cases at the Cirebon Police Department, Indonesia, within the broader context of a global shift in criminal justice from retributive punishment toward reconciliation and social repair. Minor assaults are prevalent, yet conventional punitive approaches often fail to address the social and relational harm caused by such offenses. Restorative justice offers an alternative by emphasizing victim recovery, offender accountability, and community cohesion. The study aims to analyze how restorative justice is applied in practice, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and evaluate its effectiveness in resolving minor assault cases. The research employs an empirical legal approach with a qualitative, socio-legal methodology. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews and direct observations of police practices, while secondary data included legal regulations, internal policies, and previous studies on restorative justice. Findings reveal that police discretion plays a critical role in determining case suitability, initiating mediation, and facilitating dialogue between victims and perpetrators. Successful implementation depends on victim willingness, offender accountability, and case severity, whereas inconsistencies arise from the absence of technical guidelines and the prevalence of punitive mindsets. The study concludes that restorative justice effectively resolves minor assaults by restoring social relationships and promoting accountability. However, standardized procedures, officer training, and public education are necessary to ensure its consistent and equitable application.

An Analysis of The Role of Village-Owned Enterprises (Bumdes) in Boosting The Economy of The Village Community and Village-Generated Revenue (Pades) in Kedakas Village, Tayan Hulu Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency

2026-06-01T18:24:18+00:00

This study aims to analyze the role of Village-Owned Enterprises (Badan Usaha Milik Desa/BUMDes) in improving the community's economy and Village Original Income (Pendapatan Asli Desa/PADes) in Kedakas Village, Tayan Hulu District, Sanggau Regency. This research is motivated by the suboptimal management of village potential, which has resulted in limited contributions to PADes and community welfare. The method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques comprising interviews, observations, and documentation, with informants consisting of the village head, BUMDes managers, village officials, and community members. The results of the study show that BUMDes have operated several business units, including oil palm fresh fruit bunch management, rental services, and food security enterprises, which have had a positive impact on the community's economy, particularly for those directly involved. BUMDes have also contributed to PADes, although these contributions remain limited. The principles of transparency, accountability, participation, and professionalism have begun to be implemented, but have not yet been applied optimally. Supporting factors include village government support, community participation, and available village potential, while inhibiting factors include limited capital, low human resource capacity, and business competition. It is concluded that BUMDes play an important role, but still require more optimal management so that the benefits can be felt more broadly and sustainably.

Analysis of a Detention Basin as a Flood Control Measure In Kedawung Village, Tanjung Subdistrict, Brebes Regency

2026-05-12T04:48:12+00:00

Flooding is a common problem in local communities due to heavy rainfall and limited drainage capacity. A detention basin is a flood control infrastructure designed to temporarily store surface runoff before releasing it downstream. This study analyzes the performance of a detention basin as a flood control measure using a flood routing approach, with emphasis on sluice gate opening variation and its effect on outflow behavior. The research employs quantitative hydrological and hydraulic analysis under three operational conditions: fully closed, half-open, and fully open sluice gate. Hydrological analysis includes the determination of design rainfall using a selected probability distribution with goodness of fit testing, followed by calculations of time of concentration, rainfall intensity, and design flood discharge. The resulting discharge is used as inflow in the flood routing simulation. Hydraulic analysis covers outflow computation through the sluice gate and evaluation of storage changes and water surface elevation within the basin. The relationship between inflow and outflow is examined to understand system response under different gate openings over time. The results show that for a 25-year return period, the design flood discharge is 4,060 m³/s with a time of concentration of 44.861 minutes. The flood discharge reduction under half-open sluice gate conditions reaches 64.4%, indicating a significant influence of gate operation on outflow regulation. In conclusion, detention basins play an important role in flood control through peak attenuation and flow delay, while sluice gate opening variation strongly affects flood routing performance and outflow characteristics

Analysis of Legal Protection for Consumers and Businesses in E-Commerce Transactions

2026-06-05T03:52:41+00:00

The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed trading systems, offering convenience, broader product access, and cost efficiency. However, it also presents legal challenges, particularly regarding consumer protection and the accountability of business actors for defective or non-conforming products. Frequent complaints indicate systemic issues in product quality and information transparency, highlighting the need for effective legal frameworks to ensure fairness and trust in digital transactions. This study aims to analyze legal protection for consumers and business actors in Indonesian e-commerce, focusing on rights, obligations, and the enforcement of liability in multilateral digital transactions. Normative legal research was employed, using legislative and conceptual approaches to examine primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, including the Consumer Protection Law, the Civil Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019. The results indicate that consumers are safeguarded through rights to accurate product information, product safety, and compensation for losses, while business actors are provided with legal certainty and protection from bad-faith claims. The discussion highlights the balance between preventive and repressive protections and the enforcement of strict liability for non-conforming products. In conclusion, the existing legal frameworks effectively establish fairness, accountability, and trust in e-commerce. Future research could investigate implementation challenges across platforms and the impact of emerging technologies on legal compliance and consumer protection.

Advanced AI Models for UI Optimization to Improve Digital User Experience

2026-06-01T18:17:05+00:00

The digital era demands user interfaces (UI) and user experiences (UX) that are adaptive, intuitive, and personalized. Traditional manual UI design approaches often fail to meet dynamic user expectations, resulting in rigid and inefficient interactions. This study aims to investigate the impact of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models on optimizing digital user interfaces to enhance both usability and overall user experience. A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed, combining quantitative evaluation of AI-driven UI performance with qualitative assessment of user perceptions. Deep neural networks, reinforcement learning, and natural language processing were implemented in experimental interface scenarios to measure task completion rates, error reduction, navigation efficiency, and user engagement. The results demonstrated significant improvements in performance metrics, including a 14% reduction in task completion time, a 35% increase in click efficiency, and a notable rise in user satisfaction and trust. Qualitative findings indicated enhanced emotional comfort, reduced cognitive load, and positive perceptions of adaptive personalization. The study concludes that integrating advanced AI in UI design substantially improves both functional and experiential outcomes. These findings provide theoretical contributions to human-centered AI frameworks and practical guidance for designing adaptive, transparent, and contextually intelligent digital interfaces.

Capacity Building for Community Organizations in Maintaining Public Safety and Order in The Kudus Police District: A Study of The Partnership Between The Community Relations Unit and The Lindu Aji Community Organization

2026-06-04T01:56:54+00:00

Public security and order (kamtibmas) are fundamental for social stability and sustainable development, yet traditional policing alone is often insufficient to address complex social dynamics. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of capacity building and strategic partnerships between the Kudus Police Community Development Unit (Satuan Pembinaan Masyarakat/Satbinmas) and the Lindu Aji Community Organization in enhancing community-based security. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, focusing on the interaction patterns, trust, social networks, and normative values within the CSO-police partnership. The findings indicate that while the coaching and partnership initiatives have contributed to building social capital, including trust, networks, and norms, the approach remains largely administrative and reactive, limiting the proactive engagement of CSOs in early detection and conflict prevention. Intensive communication and operational synergy between Satbinmas and Lindu Aji demonstrate potential for collaborative security governance, yet the absence of structured operational frameworks, standard operating procedures, and role clarity restricts the effectiveness of these partnerships. The study concludes that transforming CSOs into active, adaptive agents requires participatory, structured coaching and institutionalized strategic partnerships, enabling sustainable kamtibmas. The results provide both theoretical insights on social capital-driven policing and practical guidance for optimizing community-police collaboration to strengthen public safety.

The Effect of Character Building on Student Discipline at Karitas Catholic High School in Tomohon

2026-06-01T18:27:56+00:00

This study investigates the influence of character development on student discipline at Karitas Catholic High School, Tomohon. In the context of education, fostering student discipline is essential for creating an orderly and conducive learning environment, as well as developing responsible and socially aware individuals. Despite the recognized importance of character education, gaps remain in systematically implementing programs that translate moral values into measurable behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine how structured character development programs affect various aspects of student discipline, including punctuality, adherence to school rules, task completion, and ethical conduct. The research employed a quantitative correlational design with a sample of 179 students from grades 10 and 11, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a 50-item Likert-scale questionnaire measuring character development and discipline, validated through expert review and pilot testing, with reliability confirmed via Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Pearson Product-Moment correlation to determine the strength and significance of the relationship between the variables. The findings indicate a very strong and significant positive correlation (r = 0.850, p < 0.05), demonstrating that higher levels of character development are associated with increased student discipline. The results highlight the critical role of planned and continuous character education in shaping student behavior, underscoring its importance as a foundation for academic success and moral development.

Design and Development of a Web-Based Employee Safety Training Management Information System Using the Laravel Framework at "PT Meares Soputan Mining

2026-06-04T02:10:33+00:00

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a critical concern in the mining industry due to high-risk work environments that expose employees to accidents and health hazards. At PT Meares Soputan Mining, conventional safety training management using spreadsheets and physical documents has resulted in operational inefficiencies, including delays in tracking compliance, risk of data loss, and cumbersome reporting processes. This study aims to design and develop a web-based Employee Safety Training Management Information System using the Laravel framework to automate training administration, monitor real-time compliance, and generate comprehensive reports for management decision-making. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, including direct observation of safety training administration, in-depth interviews with key informants from the HSE department, and document analysis of existing SOPs and training records. The system architecture adopts a three-tier design with MySQL database integration, Eloquent ORM, Blade templating, and automated notification features. Black-box testing and User Acceptance Testing (UAT) were conducted to assess functionality, usability, and performance. Results indicate that the system successfully reduced report preparation time from 8 hours to 25 minutes, improved training compliance tracking, and received high user satisfaction scores (mean 4.31 out of 5). The discussion highlights Laravel's effectiveness in managing complex data relationships and supporting mining-specific safety requirements. In conclusion, the system enhances operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and workforce safety, offering a scalable solution for mining safety management.

The Role of Instagram in the Personal Branding Strategies of Major Streamers: A Case Study of Windah Basudara

2026-05-29T08:03:18+00:00

This study examines the role of Instagram in the personal branding strategies of major streamers, focusing on Windah Basudara, a prominent YouTube content creator with a Diamond-Tier channel. The research aims to determine whether Instagram remains relevant for established streamers and how cross-platform branding affects audience engagement and community loyalty. A qualitative case study method was employed, including observations of Windah's Instagram feeds, stories, and reels from December 2025 to February 2026, alongside interviews with internal team members, fans, and a personal branding practitioner. Data were analyzed using triangulation and thematic interpretation, guided by Peter Montoya's eight laws of personal branding. Results indicate that Windah's Instagram strategy is community-centered, emphasizing parasocial relationships through spontaneous, authentic content, high responsiveness, and participatory charity activities. Contextual adaptation allows him to maintain core identity while adjusting visual and communication styles across platforms. His approach reinforces engagement, loyalty, and a positive public image without reliance on curated aesthetics. The study concludes that Instagram remains essential for sustaining personal branding and relational influence among established streamers. Future research should explore socio-cultural adaptations of branding theories and quantitatively measure cross-platform engagement to generalize effectiveness in diverse digital ecosystems.

Microsleep as a Risk Factor for Unsafe Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-06-17T03:49:29+00:00

Microsleep is a brief, unconscious episode of sleep that reduces alertness and slows reaction time, potentially triggering unsafe behavior. This condition significantly contributes to workplace and traffic accidents, particularly in high-vigilance sectors. This study aims to identify groups vulnerable to microsleep and the forms of unsafe behavior resulting from it based on a systematic review of literature published over the past five years. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted on 23 national and international articles relevant to microsleep, safety behavior, and fatigue. Vulnerable groups include drivers, pilots, heavy industry workers, maritime workers, healthcare personnel, and patients with sleep or neurological disorders. The identified unsafe behaviors include loss of focus, delayed responses, poor decision-making, reduced safety compliance, and increased accident risk. Microsleep clearly triggers various forms of unsafe behavior among vulnerable populations. Integrated prevention strategies, such as fatigue management and strengthening the safety climate, are essential to reduce its impact on occupational safety.

A Web-Based Vector Reporting Information System Using Decision Trees for Risk Classification (Case Study: Manado Class 1 Health Quarantine Office, Manado Seaport Working Area)

2026-06-04T02:03:47+00:00

Vector-borne diseases remain a critical public health challenge, particularly in tropical port cities where international maritime traffic increases the risk of introducing infected vectors. At the Class 1 Health Quarantine Center of Manado (BKKK Manado), traditional paper-based vector reporting workflows have caused delays, transcription errors, and inconsistent risk assessments, hindering timely and evidence-based decision-making. This study aims to develop and evaluate a web-based vector reporting information system integrated with a C4.5 Decision Tree classifier to automate risk classification and improve operational efficiency. An applied research approach using a research-and-development (R&D) methodology was employed, involving system design, implementation, and empirical evaluation at the Manado seaport. Data were collected from 312 historical vector surveillance records, field observations, and officer interviews. System performance was assessed through classification accuracy, functional testing, usability evaluation (System Usability Scale), and a time-efficiency comparison with paper-based reporting. The resulting system achieved 92.1% classification accuracy, a macro-averaged F1-score of 0.91, a 100% functional test pass rate, and an 80.7% reduction in reporting time, while usability was rated “Excellent” by officers. The study concludes that the web-based system effectively enhances vector surveillance and decision-making. Future research should focus on expanding datasets, integrating with national health platforms, and exploring alternative classifiers to improve scalability and robustness for broader vector-borne disease monitoring.

Energy Recovery from Cooling Tower Blowdown Water for Micro-Hydropower Generation: A Case Study at Asam Asam Coal-Fired Power Plant

2026-06-01T18:25:28+00:00

The global electricity sector faces increasing pressure to maintain reliable supply while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In coal-fired power plants, cooling tower blowdown water is typically discharged as wastewater, despite containing hydraulic energy potential. This study aims to evaluate the technical, environmental, and financial feasibility of utilizing cooling tower blowdown water for low-head micro-hydropower generation at the Asam Asam Coal-Fired Power Plant in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The research methodology combines field measurements of flow and head, hydraulic and turbine design, annual energy modeling, carbon emission reduction estimation, and financial analysis including NPV, IRR, Payback Period, and LCOE. Results indicate that the selected cooling towers, with a Q?? discharge of 0.15 m³/s and gross head of 4 m, can generate 25,379–25,996 kWh/year, supplying approximately 85.42% of the mosque's annual energy demand. The system can reduce CO? emissions by 31.80–32.57 tons per year and demonstrates financial feasibility with an NPV of IDR 43,043,390.85 and a payback period of just over seven years. In conclusion, cooling tower blowdown water represents a viable energy recovery source, contributing to operational sustainability and emission reduction. The study recommends future exploration of hybrid energy systems and optimization for larger-scale industrial applications.

The Application of An Audiovisual Flashcard Method to Improve The Applied Understanding of Figured Bass Among Beginner Music Students

2026-06-09T03:38:31+00:00

This study investigates the effectiveness of an audiovisual flashcard method to enhance beginner music students' applied understanding of figured bass. Figured bass, a core component of Western tonal music theory, is traditionally taught through written analysis, leaving students with limited auditory and practical integration. This gap often results in students recognizing notation visually but struggling to perform harmonically on an instrument. The study aimed to determine whether flashcards could bridge this gap, improve aural skills, and facilitate the practical application of harmonic theory. The research employed a qualitative action research approach involving 25 undergraduate music students at Pelita Harapan University, Class of 2025. Over six learning cycles, students used flashcards containing triads and seventh chords across major and minor scales. Observations, timing of student responses, and questionnaires were collected to evaluate performance and cognitive processing. Results indicate that the flashcard method significantly accelerated students' recognition and execution of figured bass. Students demonstrated improved accuracy, faster response times, and better harmonic internalization. However, some cognitive load challenges emerged with complex chords and inversions. The method also exposed gaps in foundational skills, guiding targeted interventions. In conclusion, audiovisual flashcards effectively transform abstract theoretical understanding into concrete performance skills, enhancing both cognitive and practical learning. Future research should explore digital interactive versions, cross-instrument application, and long-term retention to further optimize multimodal music pedagogy.

Effectiveness of the Nutmeg Flower Dryer Monitoring Module in Improving Students’ Digital Literacy Comprehension

2026-06-04T02:00:51+00:00

The rapid advancement of technology has emphasized the need for digital literacy among vocational students, particularly in technology-intensive sectors. However, learning modules that effectively integrate vocational content with digital literacy skills remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Nutmeg Flower Dryer Monitoring Module in improving students' digital literacy comprehension within a vocational education context. A quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups was employed, involving 60 eleventh-grade vocational students in electronics engineering programs. The experimental group (n=30) received instruction using the IoT-based monitoring module, while the control group (n=30) engaged in conventional textbook-based learning. Data were collected using a 40-item digital literacy test and a 20-item student response questionnaire, then analyzed through N-gain calculation and independent samples t-tests. Results revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group's digital literacy, with an overall N-gain of 0.71, categorized as highly effective. The greatest gains were observed in communication literacy, indicating enhanced competencies in interpreting and interacting with real-time digital systems. Students also reported high satisfaction and perceived relevance to vocational tasks. The findings confirm that contextualized, hands-on IoT modules effectively bridge theoretical knowledge and practical digital skills. Future work should explore multi-site implementation, longitudinal retention, and adaptation to other vocational domains to further optimize digital literacy outcomes.

Design and Construction of SCADA System for Monitoring Voltage and Current in Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) at the Automation Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Manado

2026-06-01T18:20:28+00:00

Reliable power supply is essential in educational and research laboratories, particularly for sensitive electronic equipment and automated systems. Unplanned power interruptions can result in data loss, equipment damage, and disruption of ongoing experiments. This study aims to design and implement a SCADA-integrated Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) system to monitor voltage and current in a laboratory environment, enhancing power reliability and providing an interactive learning tool for students. The research employed a three-layer system architecture consisting of field devices, a Siemens S7-1200 PLC control layer, and a SCADA supervisory layer using Modbus TCP/IP communication. The system was tested over 50 simulated fault-and-recovery cycles with a resistive load of 3 kW. Performance metrics included transfer and retransfer times, measurement accuracy, and SCADA communication latency. Results indicated that the average transfer time was 2.31 seconds, well below the IEC Class II standard of 10 seconds, with 100% success in transfer operations. Voltage and current measurements achieved mean absolute errors of 1.4 V and 0.15 A, respectively. SCADA polling latency averaged 3.2 ms, demonstrating rapid data acquisition. The system also enhanced educational outcomes by allowing students to observe real-time power system behavior. In conclusion, the SCADA-ATS system effectively improved laboratory power reliability and provided pedagogical benefits. Future research may integrate UPS systems, reduce polling intervals, and explore hybrid energy sources for enhanced laboratory power management.

Reorienting Criminal Law Enforcement Based on Restorative Justice: Aligning The Principles of Victim Restitution, Legal Certainty, and The Revision of The National Criminal Code

2026-06-06T01:40:38+00:00

Criminal law enforcement traditionally emphasizes punitive measures, often neglecting the needs of victims and the broader social community. In Indonesia, this approach has led to insufficient attention to victim restitution, perpetrator accountability, and social harmony. This study aims to analyze the position of restorative justice within Indonesian criminal law, assess the alignment of the National Criminal Code with restorative principles, and propose a synchronization model to ensure effective and equitable implementation. A normative legal research design was employed, utilizing primary legal materials, including Law Number 1 of 2023, Peraturan Jaksa (Prosecutor's Regulation) Number 15 of 2020, and Peraturan Kepolisian (Police Regulation) Number 8 of 2021. Secondary materials consisted of scholarly articles, books, and international guidelines on restorative justice. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to interpret legal norms, compare institutional arrangements, and identify gaps in procedural standards. The findings reveal that while Indonesian regulations have incorporated restorative principles, implementation remains fragmented, with varying standards across police, prosecutors, and courts. Restorative justice can enhance victim protection, encourage perpetrator accountability, and restore social balance, but requires clear normative boundaries, procedural safeguards, and institutional oversight. The study concludes that a synchronized model integrating case selection, victim protection, perpetrator accountability, and alignment with the Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (National Criminal Code) can facilitate consistent, legally sound, and socially responsive criminal justice practices in Indonesia.

Understanding Self-Esteem Holistically: Integrating Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Perspectives

2026-06-04T01:52:33+00:00

Self-esteem is one of the fundamental concepts in psychology that relates to an individual's assessment of his or her own worth. This article aims to examine self-esteem from a philosophical perspective that includes three main dimensions, namely ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The approach used is a literature study by examining various contemporary psychological and philosophical literature. Ontologically, self-esteem is understood as a psychological construct that is subjective but is formed through interaction between individuals and their socio-cultural environments. Epistemologically, knowledge of self-esteem is acquired through a variety of approaches, both empirical and reflective, which include psychometric measurements, behavioural observations, as well as the subjective experiences of individuals. Meanwhile, axiologically, self-esteem holds an important value in human life because it plays a role in the formation of self-identity, mental health, and the individual's ability to adapt and make decisions. The results of the study show that the understanding of self-esteem cannot be separated from the philosophical context behind it, so an integrative approach between psychology and philosophy is needed to understand this concept more comprehensively. Thus, the philosophical study of self-esteem makes an important contribution to the development of psychological theories and practices that are more reflective, contextual, and oriented towards human values.

Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Waste Management Information System to Improve Operational Efficiency at the Environmental Agency of Minahasa Utara Regency

2026-06-01T18:13:36+00:00

Waste management in Minahasa Utara Regency faces operational challenges including the lack of an integrated digital information system, manual record-keeping processes, and limited real-time monitoring capabilities for waste collection activities. This study presents the design and implementation of a web-based waste management information system for the Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup) of Minahasa Utara Regency. The system was developed using the PHP Laravel framework with a MySQL relational database and deployed on a local server within the agency's network infrastructure. Key modules implemented include waste collection scheduling, route management, vehicle and personnel tracking, report generation, and a public-facing waste complaint submission portal. The system was evaluated through functional testing using the black-box method and usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire administered to 15 agency staff members. Functional testing results show a 100% pass rate across all 42 test cases. The SUS score of 81.3 out of 100 places the system in the "Excellent" usability category. The implementation demonstrates significant improvements in operational documentation efficiency, reducing daily report preparation time by an estimated 65% compared to the previous manual process. The system provides a scalable and maintainable digital platform for modernizing waste management operations in the regency.

Legal Aspects of Indemnification Clauses in Business Transactions in The Digital Age

2026-06-05T03:54:20+00:00

The rapid development of digital technologies has transformed traditional business transactions into online platforms, introducing new challenges for legal certainty and consumer protection. In digital agreements, exoneration clauses often limit or eliminate the liability of business actors, raising concerns about fairness and legal enforceability. This study aims to examine the application and legal implications of exoneration clauses in digital business transactions in Indonesia, assessing their compliance with statutory provisions and their impact on consumers. The research employs a normative legal research approach, analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, including the Civil Code, Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Data collection was conducted through library research, while descriptive qualitative analysis was used to synthesize legal norms, doctrines, and expert opinions. Validity and reliability were ensured through triangulation of sources and systematic interpretation. The findings indicate that while exoneration clauses are permissible under the principle of freedom of contract, they cannot be applied arbitrarily. Clauses that disproportionately shift responsibility onto consumers violate the principles of good faith, fairness, and statutory consumer protection. Digital agreements must therefore balance contractual freedom with the protection of weaker parties. The study concludes that legal certainty in digital transactions depends not only on electronic signature recognition, but also on compliance with applicable laws, transparency, and adequate oversight to safeguard consumer rights.

A Comparison of Public Perceptions of Mangrove Ecotourism Management in Urban Coastal Areas: A Case Study of Tangerang, Jakarta, and Bekasi

2026-06-01T18:25:37+00:00

Mangrove ecotourism is one of the efforts to manage coastal areas based on conservation involving local communities. This study aims to analyze and compare public perceptions of mangrove ecotourism management in Ketapang Urban Aquaculture, TWA Angke Kapuk, and Saung Alas. The study used a descriptive quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 135 respondents using the Likert scale. The data were analyzed descriptively to determine the level of public perception of the management, knowledge, participation, and attitude of the community towards mangrove ecotourism. The results of the study showed that Ketapang Urban Aquaculture obtained the highest perception value of 72.96%, followed by Saung Alas at 72.29%, and TWA Angke Kapuk at 70.89%. All three regions are included in the high perception category. The public generally has a positive perception of mangrove conservation, the ecological function of mangroves, and the development of sustainability-based ecotourism. However, community involvement in decision-making is still relatively low in some areas. In general, the high public perception shows support for sustainable mangrove ecotourism management in urban coastal areas.

The Effect of Hexagon Fraud on Fraudulent Financial Statements, Moderated by Audit Quality (A Case Study of Hospitals Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)

2026-06-01T18:15:37+00:00

This study investigates the effect of Fraud Hexagon components on fraudulent financial statements (FFS) in hospitals listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), with audit quality as a moderating variable. The research examines factors including Pressure (financial targets and liquidity), Capability (CEO education), Opportunity (nature of industry and audit committee oversight), Rationalisation (auditor changes), Arrogance (CEO narcissism), and Collusion (internal and external cooperation). A quantitative approach was applied using secondary data from 23 hospitals with complete financial and audit information for the 2020–2024 period. Data were analysed using regression models to test the influence of Fraud Hexagon elements on FFS and the moderating effect of audit quality. The results indicate that each Fraud Hexagon component significantly contributes to fraudulent reporting, while high-quality audits can effectively moderate these relationships, reducing the likelihood and severity of FFS. This research contributes to improving fraud detection mechanisms, strengthening internal control systems, and informing stakeholders of the critical role of audit quality in mitigating financial misreporting in healthcare institutions.

Criminal Liability for Violence Against Minors in the “Geng Konten” Case in Cirebon

2026-06-06T01:38:39+00:00

Violence against children remains a pressing human rights issue, with long-term physical, psychological, and social consequences. The emergence of social media has introduced new forms of violence, where adolescents engage in aggressive acts not only to resolve conflict but also to gain recognition and social status in digital spaces. This phenomenon is evident in the content gang cases in Cirebon, where violence is orchestrated, recorded, and disseminated online. The purpose of this study is to examine the qualifications of perpetrators, the construction of criminal responsibility in group-perpetrated violence against minors, and the appropriate legal and criminal implications for both adult and juvenile offenders in the context of social media-based violence. The study employs a normative legal research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing relevant provisions in the Indonesian Criminal Code, the Child Protection Law, and related doctrines on participation and intent. The findings indicate that perpetrators include direct actors, planners, and content distributors, and that collective acts of violence satisfy the elements of criminal liability under Articles 55, 56, and 170 of the Criminal Code, often applying dolus eventualis. The study concludes that law enforcement must ensure proportionate punishment, differentiate between juvenile and adult offenders, and adopt adaptive and preventive strategies to address the growing impact of digital content-related violence.

Analysis of The Implementation of The Cirebon City Regulation on Local Taxes and Local Fees

2026-05-30T03:45:40+00:00

Local Own-Source Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD) is a key fiscal component of a region, as it reflects the socioeconomic conditions of the community as well as the region's growth and self-reliance. In an effort to increase PAD, the Cirebon City Government issued a new policy regarding local tax and retribution rates through Cirebon City Regional Regulation (Peraturan Daerah/Perda) No. 1 of 2024. However, the implementation process has not proceeded as anticipated; social unrest has emerged as a result of the substantial increase in Land and Building Tax (Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan/PBB-P2), which reached 1,000% and has been perceived as an excessive burden on the community. This study aims to analyse the implementation of this policy using William N. Dunn's policy evaluation theory, which encompasses six criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The methodology employed is qualitative descriptive, utilising direct observation, documentation, and interviews with the Regional Revenue and Finance Agency (Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Pendapatan Daerah/BPKPD) and taxpayers. The research results indicate that this policy effectively increased local own-source revenue (PAD) by 20.09% in 2025; however, it remains suboptimal with respect to the criteria of responsiveness, accuracy, and equity. Challenges in implementation also persist in relation to effectiveness, adequacy, and efficiency. In response to escalating social unrest, the local government ultimately revised the regulations pertaining to PBB-P2 by the end of 2025. It is recommended that the government increase the intensity of public outreach, ensure equitable access to technology, and strengthen the competencies of implementing staff in order to balance fiscal interests with public welfare, and that a formal complaint-handling mechanism be established to serve as a basis for periodic policy improvements.

Food Waste Management in the Hospitality Industry: A Qualitative Exploration of Sustainable Business Practices at Alila Ubud

2026-06-01T18:10:29+00:00

This study explores Food Waste Management (FWM) practices within the hospitality industry, focusing on Alila Ubud as a luxury boutique eco-resort in Bali. The growing tourism sector has escalated food waste generation, necessitating sustainable management strategies to optimize operational efficiency and environmental outcomes. The research aims to analyze FWM practices, identify challenges in their implementation, and examine their contribution to Sustainable Business Practices (SBP). A qualitative case study approach was employed under a constructivist paradigm, using purposive sampling to select key informants, including executive chefs, operational managers, and food and beverage staff. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis combined with triangulation to ensure validity. The findings indicate that Alila Ubud implements FWM through prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling and valorization, and disposal stages, forming a structured operational system. However, challenges persist in staff behavioral consistency, continuous training requirements, and reliance on third-party waste treatment. The study demonstrates that FWM contributes to SBP across environmental, economic, and social dimensions, while the integration of Tri Hita Karana values reinforces a holistic approach linking operational practices, managerial strategies, and local cultural ethics. Recommendations include formalizing standard operating procedures (SOPs), recording waste volumes, and continuous capacity building to strengthen FWM as a core sustainability strategy.

Evaluation of The “Jum’at Beriman” Program at SMAN 1 Kuala Pembuang Using The CIPP Model (Context, Input, Process, and Product)

2026-06-05T03:53:23+00:00

SMAN 1 Kuala Pembuang is a leading school with outstanding achievements in both academics and extracurricular activities. One of its most distinctive qualities is a strong religious programme, making it a highly sought-after public school in the community. The Friday Faith programme, which has been running for 20 years, has successfully created an Islamic atmosphere and cultivated good character within the school environment. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Friday Faith programme at SMAN 1 Kuala Pembuang using the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, and Product). This evaluative research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected from the Principal, former Principal, Religious Education teachers, subject teachers, guidance counsellors, Student Council, and students through interviews, observation, and documentation, and analysed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The findings show that the programme has a strong legal foundation, clear objectives aligned with school and student needs, and broad stakeholder involvement. Programme preparation, scheduling, teacher competence, and funding are adequate, though infrastructure and team quality require improvement. The implementation of timing, venue, and teacher supervision is effective; however, greater student participation and more varied activity formats are needed. The programme has successfully improved religious knowledge, positive behaviour, student achievement, school identity, and community interest in enrolling at SMAN 1 Kuala Pembuang. In conclusion, the Friday Faith programme deserves to be continued and replicated in other educational institutions.

Prosopos in Student Communication with Generative AI: A Phenomenological Study of Persona Formation and AI Literacy in Digital Higher Education

2026-06-01T18:28:12+00:00

The emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed digital communication in higher education, enabling natural language interactions that resemble interpersonal dialogue. This study investigates how students construct communicative relationships with AI and develop AI literacy in academic contexts. The research aims to explore students' experiences in assigning personas to AI, engaging in "as-if human" communication, and reflecting ethically on AI usage. A qualitative approach using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed, involving 25 students from the D-III Public Relations Program at AKMRTV Jakarta. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, digital observations, and analysis of 218 AI conversational documents. The findings reveal that students perceive AI as an academic thinking partner, discussion companion, and virtual mentor, fostering relational attachment and supporting idea development. Students actively assign personas to AI platforms, applying interpersonal communication norms and critical verification during interactions. Based on these insights, the Prosopopoeic AI Literacy (PAIL) model was developed, consisting of five dimensions: Persona Awareness, Relational Awareness, Critical Verification, Academic Agency, and Ethical Reflection. The study concludes that AI literacy encompasses both technical skills and reflective, ethical, and relational competencies, positioning AI as a quasi-social actor in higher education. These findings provide practical implications for AI integration into curricula, promoting responsible, ethical, and effective human-AI communication in academic environments.

A Legal Analysis of Drug Abuse Among Teenagers

2026-06-05T03:51:27+00:00

This study attempts to examine criminal policies related to the drug problem in Indonesia, especially among adolescents. The author employs a qualitative research method and a juridical-normative approach by studying information from library sources through legal documents, covering both Class I and Class II substances. This study applies a descriptive-analytical approach, in which the descriptive method is used in the initial stage to present argumentation, while the analytical method is used to determine the extent of the gap between legal values and norms in theory and in legal practice. Accordingly, this research is classified as normative research. The study shows that criminal policy measures in Cirebon City have a fairly sound legal basis, grounded in Law Number 35 of 2009, Law Number 11 of 2012, and Cirebon City Regional Regulation Number 11 of 2023. Policy steps are described in terms of those that regulate criminal acts, as well as those that address non-criminal approaches, integrated in the form of rehabilitation, diversion, restorative justice, and prevention programs in families, schools, and communities. However, these measures must be improved, particularly in terms of consistency in the operationalization of field assessments concerning the best interests of adolescent development and rehabilitation.

Factors Influencing Death Anxiety: A Systematic Review: A Systematic Literature Review

2026-06-01T18:26:51+00:00

Death anxiety is a feeling of fear and worry that arises when individuals contemplate their own death or the death of others. This systematic review aims to identify factors associated with death anxiety based on current scientific literature. Through a rigorous selection process following PRISMA guidelines, 11 international journal articles published during 2019–2025 were selected for analysis. The results demonstrate that internal psychological factors, particularly meaning in life and self-esteem, are the primary determinants in mitigating death anxiety. Social factors such as loneliness and low family emotional attachment emerge as significant risk factors. Furthermore, spiritual health, mindfulness coping strategies, and demographic characteristics also influence the level of death anxiety. The analysis reveals that self-esteem functions as a "psychological buffer" that suppresses anxiety when individuals perceive their lives as meaningful, consistent with Terror Management Theory. The findings emphasize the dynamic interaction between internal, social, and spiritual dimensions in shaping death anxiety experiences. These findings underscore the importance of holistic interventions that focus on strengthening the meaning of life, enhancing spiritual well-being, and improving the quality of social relationships. Such comprehensive approaches aim to help individuals achieve greater self-acceptance and face mortality with increased calmness and dignity.

Implementation of Data Logging and Historical Graphs of Furnace Temperature at the Electrical Engineering Department Laboratory, Manado State Polytechnic

2026-06-04T02:11:19+00:00

Accurate temperature monitoring is essential in laboratory and industrial operations involving furnaces to ensure process consistency, prevent overheating, and support safety compliance. Traditional monitoring methods, such as analog gauges or standalone digital thermometers, provide only instantaneous readings and fail to store historical data or visualize trends, limiting experimental reproducibility and quality control. This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate a low-cost, real-time data logging and historical graphing system for furnace temperature monitoring at the Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Manado. The system integrates Type K thermocouples, MAX6675 thermocouple-to-digital modules, Arduino Uno microcontrollers, and a Python-based visualization application. The research employed an applied R&D approach, including stages of literature review, requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. Controlled experiments were conducted at five temperature set points, and a four-hour continuous logging test was performed to assess accuracy, logging continuity, and graphical performance. Results indicate that the system achieved a mean absolute error of 1.1°C, maintained uninterrupted data logging over 14,400 samples, and rendered real-time graphs with stable CPU usage. The findings confirm that the integrated system meets design specifications, providing a reliable and educationally valuable tool for laboratory use. This study concludes that low-cost, modular data logging solutions can effectively enhance instrumentation education and support precise thermal monitoring, with potential for further improvements in multi-channel and cloud-based monitoring systems.

Phrasal Verbs and Academic Formality: Navigating The Syntax-Semantics Interface in Student Writing

2026-06-01T18:16:25+00:00

This study investigates the use of phrasal verbs in undergraduate academic writing, focusing on their syntactic features and semantic transparency in relation to academic formality. Despite prescriptive norms favoring explicit and Latinate vocabulary, students frequently employ phrasal verbs, which can introduce ambiguity or informal tones. The study aims to identify the types of phrasal verbs in undergraduate theses, analyze their syntactic characteristics, and interpret how semantic transparency positions them along the formality continuum. A qualitative, corpus-informed approach was adopted, examining 248,987 tokens from undergraduate theses in an English Language Study Program. Phrasal verbs were identified using AntConc and manually verified according to Biber et al.'s (1999) constructional categories. Syntactic features, including transitivity, separability, and particle behavior, were analyzed as indicators of semantic transparency. Exemplification was employed to illustrate patterns and interpret their alignment with academic register expectations. Findings reveal that verb + adverbial particle constructions were the most prevalent, with a preference for inseparability. High semantic transparency phrasal verbs, such as carry out and point out, aligned closely with formal academic norms, while low-transparency verbs, including break down and open up, introduced metaphorical or idiomatic meanings, creating register tension. The study concludes that academic formality is a continuum, and the acceptability of phrasal verbs depends on semantic clarity. These insights inform pedagogical strategies for EAP instruction and suggest further research on cross-disciplinary and longitudinal usage patterns.

A Semiotic Analysis of the Main Character’s Grief in the Film “The Goldfinch” on Netflix

2026-06-17T03:34:43+00:00

The development of digital technology and the presence of streaming platforms such as Netflix have made films function not only as entertainment media but also as forms of mass communication that represent human emotional and social experiences. As an audiovisual medium, film contains various signs and symbols that construct certain meanings, including representations of loss and grief. John Crowley’s film The Goldfinch depicts the life of Theodore Decker after the loss of his mother in an explosion at an art museum. This study aims to analyze the representation of grief in the main character of The Goldfinch using Roland Barthes’s semiotic approach. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through film observation, in-depth interviews with three informants, and literature study. Data analysis was carried out using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman and was validated through source and theoretical triangulation. The results show that the representation of grief in the film is constructed through visual and symbolic signs, such as facial expressions, body language, dim lighting, room atmosphere, and the symbol of the painting The Goldfinch. At the denotative level, grief is shown through traumatic scenes, nightmares, and changes in the main character’s behavior. At the connotative level, these signs are interpreted as symbols of trauma, loneliness, and emotional isolation. Meanwhile, at the mythical level, the film constructs the view that loss is an emotional experience that can shape identity and have a long-term impact on one’s life. Thus, The Goldfinch represents grief as a complex emotional experience through visual and symbolic signs in the digital film medium.

A Model of Cultural Appropriation Through The Indonesian Cultural Festival in Guilin, China

2026-06-04T02:08:42+00:00

The Indonesian Cultural Festival (FKI) is an annual activity organised by Indonesian students in Guilin, China. This annual event features various forms of Indonesian cultural performance, including dance, music, drama, traditional games, and culinary arts. The festival not only showcases Indonesian art and tradition, but also creates a space for interaction that facilitates cultural exchange. This study examines the model of cultural appropriation through the Indonesian Cultural Festival in Guilin, China. The theoretical framework draws on Richard Schechner's Performance Theory and Homi Bhabha's concept of the "third space," or the space in-between. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to international students who had attended or watched the event. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling, selected on the basis of respondent availability. The results of the study show that the festival has a considerable influence in fostering curiosity, understanding, and appreciation for Indonesian culture. Furthermore, this activity also strengthens relationships and interactions among international students, and opens a broader space for cross-cultural communication.

Public Relations Strategies for Building Community Brand Awareness at Erionspace Kuningan

2026-06-01T18:22:57+00:00

This study explores the identification and utilization of local resources and organizational assets to enhance the productivity and sustainability of KWT Gemas Implantan. The background highlights the challenges faced by community-based agricultural groups in optimizing land, institutional capacity, and market engagement to generate sustainable income and improve members' well-being. The study aims to assess the community's existing assets, institutional structures, and operational practices to formulate strategies for effective program planning and capacity building. A qualitative approach was employed, combining interviews, direct observation, and group discussions to systematically map social, economic, and environmental assets. Validation was conducted through cross-checking among members and participatory meetings. The results indicate that KWT Gemas Implantan possesses significant potential, including 2 hectares of cultivable land, an officially structured organization, extensive marketing networks, educational partnerships, and prior experience from training and coaching activities. These assets have contributed to consistent productivity, enhanced member skills, and relative organizational independence, though administrative systems remain largely manual. The discussion emphasizes the importance of participatory assessment, systematic data management, and external collaboration to strengthen community-based initiatives. In conclusion, strategic utilization of identified assets can sustainably improve income generation, organizational effectiveness, and long-term development for KWT members.

Analysis of Physical Risks in the Property Insurance Underwriting Process at PT. Asuransi Umum XYZ Jakarta

2026-06-10T06:14:14+00:00

Climate change has become a critical factor influencing financial and insurance sectors, particularly through physical risks affecting property assets. Indonesia, with its high exposure to hydrometeorological hazards, presents a unique context for analyzing the integration of physical risk into property insurance underwriting. This study aims to explore how physical risk is understood, assessed, and incorporated into the underwriting decision-making process at a national general insurance company, referred to as Company XYZ. A qualitative case-study approach was employed, combining primary data from in-depth interviews and written responses from ten cross-functional informants with secondary data from internal company documents, claims data, and annual reports from 2020–2025. Thematic analysis was used to interpret patterns in the data. Results indicate that physical risks, particularly floods and extreme weather, are recognized as major factors shaping underwriting decisions, with integration occurring across marketing, underwriting, reinsurance, risk engineering, and claims functions. While historical-data-based approaches dominate current practice, forward-looking assessments are increasingly considered necessary. The study concludes that effective incorporation of physical risk requires enhanced data quality, professional judgment, and advanced analytical tools to support adaptive and sustainable underwriting. Findings provide practical insights for insurance practitioners and contribute to understanding organizational responses to climate-related financial risks.

Understanding Academic Grit: A Philosophical Study of Existence, Truth, and Values in Education

2026-06-04T01:55:06+00:00

Academic grit has become an important construct in education as students increasingly face academic pressure, learning loss, motivational decline, and difficulties in maintaining perseverance toward long-term educational goals. However, most previous studies have examined grit through quantitative measurement, while its deeper philosophical meaning remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to analyze academic grit from the perspectives of ontology, epistemology, and axiology in order to understand its existence, the construction of its truth, and its value orientation in education. A qualitative Systematic Literature Review approach was employed using the PRISMA 2020 framework. Data were collected from relevant publications indexed in Scopus, Google Scholar, Garuda, and SINTA, focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2025 concerning academic grit, education, philosophy, qualitative inquiry, and collectivist culture. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show that academic grit is not merely a psychological trait, but a mode of being reflected in students' perseverance during academic challenges. Epistemologically, grit is constructed through experience, failure, reflection, and social interaction. Axiologically, grit embodies values such as responsibility, purpose, patience, and commitment. This study concludes that academic grit should be understood as a philosophical, cultural, and educational phenomenon.

The Effect of Management Audits, Recruitment, and Training on Employee Performance at The Ismail Medika Clinic in Depok

2026-06-01T18:24:05+00:00

Employee performance is a critical factor in maintaining service quality, operational efficiency, and patient satisfaction in healthcare institutions. At Ismail Medika Clinic in Depok, employee performance is influenced by the effectiveness of human resource governance, particularly management audits, recruitment, and training. This study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of management audits, recruitment, and training on employee performance. The research employed a quantitative cross-sectional approach with a census sampling technique involving all 45 employees, consisting of both medical and non-medical personnel. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression using SPSS version 27. The findings show that management audits have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a t-value of 4.344 and a significance value below 0.001. Recruitment also has a positive and significant effect, with a t-value of 3.074 and a significance value of 0.004. Training, however, has a positive but statistically insignificant effect, with a t-value of 0.314 and a significance value of 0.755. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly affect employee performance, with an F-value of 10.737 and an R² of 0.440. The study concludes that effective audits and competency-based recruitment are essential drivers of employee performance, while training programs require more careful planning and systematic evaluation.

Broken Homes Examined Through Epistemology, Axiology, and Ontology

2026-06-06T01:42:35+00:00

This study addresses the increasing prevalence of broken homes and their multifaceted impacts on children and family systems. Globally and in Indonesia, high divorce and separation rates have raised concerns about children's psychological, educational, and social development. The study aims to explore broken homes from philosophical perspectives—ontology, epistemology, and axiology—to provide a holistic understanding of their effects and implications for counseling and family support. A qualitative literature review was conducted, analyzing national and international academic journals, books, theses, and proceedings related to family disruption, child development, and guidance counseling. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 50–70 relevant sources, and data were extracted using a structured template, ensuring validity through expert review and reliability via cross-checking and consensus. NVivo 12 software facilitated thematic coding and analysis, linking observed phenomena to structural, cognitive, and value-based dimensions. The findings indicate that broken homes disrupt family structures (ontology), shape children's knowledge and perceptions of relationships (epistemology), and affect ethical and value frameworks (axiology). Children often experience insecurity, loneliness, and emotional challenges, although resilience and positive adaptation can occur with proper guidance. The study concludes that philosophical perspectives enrich understanding of broken homes and recommends future empirical and longitudinal research to develop effective interventions that support children's well-being, resilience, and ethical development.

Exploring The Essence of CBT: an Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Analysis, and The Contributions of The Thoughts of Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis to Guidance and Counseling

2026-06-04T01:54:02+00:00

This research is motivated by the increasing need for counselling approaches that are not only practically effective, but also grounded in a strong philosophical foundation. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), as the dominant approach in modern guidance and counselling practice, needs to be studied in depth through the perspectives of ontology, epistemology, and axiology so that it is not understood merely as an intervention technique. The purpose of this research is to explore the essence of CBT and to identify the contributions of Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis to the development of guidance and counselling. This study employs a philosophical qualitative approach using a literature study method that analyses various relevant scientific sources. The results of the study show that ontologically, CBT views humans as rational beings capable of changing their mindset and behaviour through cognitive processes. Epistemologically, CBT is grounded in empirical evidence and systematic scientific validation. Axiologically, CBT is oriented toward adaptive behavioural change and the improvement of individual well-being. Beck's contribution lies in the development of an empirically based cognitive model, while Ellis emphasises rationality and the modification of irrational beliefs. The study concludes that CBT makes a significant theoretical and practical contribution to improving the effectiveness of guidance and counselling services.

The Influence of Servant Leadership Style, Work Discipline, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at the Ciremai Hospital in Cirebon City

2026-06-01T18:14:53+00:00

This research was conducted to determine the extent of the influence of servant leadership, employee discipline, and organizational culture on the work productivity of personnel at the Organization Office of Ciremai Hospital, Cirebon City. The academic concern that prompted this study was the symptom of a decline in human resource performance in recent times, which is strongly suspected to be related to leadership patterns, the level of compliance with regulations, and the cultural values rooted in the institution. Using an associative quantitative approach, data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire from 90 participants selected based on certain criteria (purposive sampling). All data were processed using SPSS 25 through the stages of instrument testing, assumption testing, multiple regression, and hypothesis testing. The results show that both independently and together, these three variables have a positive and significant impact on performance. Work discipline emerged as the strongest factor compared to the other two variables. Thus, this research confirms that the strength of the organizational system, reflected in servant leadership, strong discipline, and a strong culture, plays a central role in determining individual performance. Consequently, hospital management can use these findings as a strategic foundation for developing more targeted human resource development policies, while also enriching theoretical discourse in the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management.

Decision Support System for Integrated Pastoral Program Planning with The Church Information System of Santa Veronika Kaiwatu Parish Using The Simple Additive Weighting Method

2026-06-05T03:55:05+00:00

Pastoral program planning is a critical function in Roman Catholic parishes; however, many rely on subjective judgment and manual scoring, resulting in inconsistent prioritization of programs. This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) integrated with the Santa Veronika Kaiwatu Parish information system, using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method to optimize pastoral program selection. The system evaluates twelve program alternatives across six criteria: spiritual impact, community reach, resource availability, urgency, sustainability, and administrative feasibility. The methodology includes database integration, PHP-based SAW computation, and User Acceptance Testing (UAT) with fifteen parish staff and council members. Results indicate zero deviation in SAW calculations compared to manual reference scores, confirming computational accuracy. Performance testing shows response times under 1.2 seconds for up to twenty alternatives, validating system efficiency. UAT results demonstrate high user satisfaction (mean score 4.31/5), highlighting ease of use, interface clarity, and transparency in ranking results. These findings suggest that the integrated DSS effectively enhances decision-making, resource allocation, and stakeholder confidence in program prioritization. In conclusion, the SAW-based DSS provides a replicable model for parish administration. Future research may explore advanced multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques and predictive analytics to further improve planning accuracy and scalability in multi-parish contexts.

Convergence and Challenges in the Management Policy of Vocational High School Education in Depok City, West Java, 2019–2023

2026-06-03T07:53:10+00:00

This study examines the convergence points and policy challenges in the management of Vocational High School (SMK) education in Depok City, West Java, during the 2019–2023 period. The research is motivated by the increasing demand for vocational education, which has not been adequately supported by school capacity, policy integration, and governance effectiveness. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and institutional analysis based on Rational Choice Institutionalism, this study analyzes the interactions among policy actors, including the central government, the West Java Provincial Government, the Depok City Government, vocational schools, and industry stakeholders. Data were collected through the analysis of laws, regulations, policy documents, and educational governance reports. The findings reveal several policy convergence points, including shared commitments to improving human resource quality, strengthening link-and-match programs with industry, curriculum development, teacher competency enhancement, educational quality assurance, and infrastructure improvement. However, significant policy challenges remain, including overlapping authority between provincial and municipal governments, limited school enrollment capacity, implementation issues related to Educational Operational Cost Assistance (BPOP), concerns regarding honorary teachers and PPPK recruitment, and weak industry partnerships. The study concludes that the effectiveness of vocational education management is strongly influenced by governance quality, particularly in terms of policy integration, inter-institutional coordination, accountability, stakeholder participation, and data-driven decision-making. An ideal governance model should emphasize policy integration, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and evidence-based educational planning to improve the quality and relevance of vocational education.

Design Of A 2.4 Mw Low-Head Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) Using a Kaplan/Bulb Turbine for Rural Electrification in Bolaang Mongondow Regency

2026-06-01T18:12:16+00:00

This study addresses the critical role of effective organizational and infrastructural management in improving operational efficiency and service delivery. Despite numerous initiatives, many institutions continue to experience challenges in workflow optimization, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement, which hinder overall performance. The research aims to analyze the impact of system integration and process management on operational outcomes, focusing on measurable indicators of productivity, efficiency, and service quality. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data collection from institutional records and performance metrics with qualitative insights obtained through structured interviews and observational analysis. Data were analyzed using statistical and thematic methods to identify patterns, correlations, and underlying factors influencing outcomes. The results indicate that coordinated workflow systems, supported by adequate infrastructure and clear operational protocols, significantly enhance efficiency and service delivery. Key bottlenecks were identified, and strategic interventions were proposed, demonstrating tangible improvements in performance metrics. In conclusion, the study confirms that integrating process management with infrastructural support is essential for optimal institutional performance. Future research is recommended to explore longitudinal effects of these interventions across different organizational contexts, as well as to investigate the role of emerging technologies in further enhancing operational effectiveness and service quality.

A Legal Analysis of Police Investigation Procedures for Corporate Crimes in the Cirebon Region

2026-06-06T01:39:42+00:00

Corporate crimes in Indonesia, particularly corruption in regional public companies, remain a significant challenge to governance and financial accountability. In the Cirebon region, cases at the Regional Drinking Water Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum, PDAM) revealed large-scale misuse of funds by employees, including falsification of financial records, forgery of signatures, and diversion of state assets into illicit investment activities, resulting in losses exceeding IDR 3.7 billion. This study aims to analyze police investigation procedures for corporate crimes, focusing on the application of legal provisions regarding corporate criminal liability and identifying gaps between written law and investigative practices. A normative legal approach was employed, combining legislative review, conceptual analysis, and case studies of court decisions, supported by observations of police investigation processes and literature review. Results indicate that while the Criminal Procedure Code and Corruption Eradication Laws provide a legal basis to prosecute corporations, investigative practice tends to prioritize individual liability over corporate accountability. Challenges include complex organizational structures, insufficient technical guidelines, and difficulties in attributing corporate guilt. Consequently, enforcement is inconsistent, and the deterrent effect of corporate criminal liability is limited. The study concludes that strengthening regulations, providing detailed technical guidance, and enhancing investigator capacity are critical to achieving legal certainty, justice, and effective prevention of corporate corruption.