Journal of Social Research

Development of a Creative ui-Based Entrepreneurial Website to Attract Generation Z

2025-11-18T07:16:45+00:00

Technological developments have made websites the primary medium for entrepreneurial activities, especially among Generation Z, the largest internet users today. However, among many entrepreneurial websites, not all have succeeded in attracting Generation Z's interest. Websites with monotonous and less attractive displays tend to be abandoned by users, so a creative and relevant User Interface design is needed for Generation Z. This study aims to analyze the influence of creative User Interface design on Generation Z's interest in using entrepreneurial websites, while also producing a website prototype according to the preferences collected. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 3D model (Define, Design, Develop) using a questionnaire to identify design elements that suit Generation Z's interests, accompanied by a literature study to strengthen the theory. The results of the study show that Generation Z has a higher interest in creative User Interface designs that comply with the guidelines. Developed prototype has also been designed based on expert validation results, so it is considered capable of attracting user interest. This study proves that the application of creative User Interface design influences Generation Z's interest in using an entrepreneurial website.

The Effect of Arabica Coffee Extract ( Coffea Arabica L.) on the Progression of Lactobacillus Cervicovaginal Microbiome Biomarkers

2025-12-05T08:38:04+00:00

Cervical infection or cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervical epithelium that can progress to chronicity and potentially lead to cervical cancer. Lactobacillus crispatus, which is normal vaginal flora, can migrate to the cervix and cause inflammation. Mandailing arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, with antibacterial potential. This research aims to assess the effect of Mandailing arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) extract on the growth of Lactobacillus crispatus as an effort to reduce the progression of cervicovaginal microbiome biomarkers. This laboratory experimental study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations of Mandailing arabica coffee extract. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by liquid dilution, solid dilution, and disc diffusion methods. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by the Least Significant Difference post hoc test. Mandailing arabica coffee extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. Liquid and solid dilution tests showed inhibition of Lactobacillus crispatus growth at all extract concentrations. The disc diffusion test produced the greatest average inhibition at 100% concentration (6.62 cm), followed by 50% (5.19 cm), and 25% (4.81 cm). ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect of extract administration on the growth of Lactobacillus crispatus (p < 0.001). Mandailing arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) extract has antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus crispatus, with growth inhibition increasing alongside increasing extract concentration. This indicates the potential of Mandailing arabica coffee in preventing cervical inflammation and the progression of precancerous lesions.

From Guardian of the Constitution to Interpreter of Social Justice: An Analysis of the Post-Reform Role of the Constitutional Court and the Threat of Its Politicization

2025-12-04T04:26:46+00:00

The birth of the post-reform Constitutional Court (MK) is often narrowly interpreted by the public as that of "Election Calculators" or guardians of constitutional procedures. This view overlooks the historical mandate of its establishment, namely as an antithesis to the failure to fulfill social justice during the New Order era. This research aims to show that the Constitutional Court’s most critical role is not that of a passive constitutional guardian but rather that of an active interpreter and enforcer of social justice. The study uses normative legal research methods with a qualitative-philosophical approach. The argument is constructed using the structure of a "three-act drama”: (1) exposing the status quo of the New Order legacy and the narrow view of the role of the Constitutional Court; (2) conducting a confrontation by analyzing four landmark decisions of the Constitutional Court (case studies of the Water Resources Law, the Job Creation Law, Streams of Trust, and PHPU 2019) as evidence of its role in interpreting substantive and procedural justice; (3) offering a resolution in the form of an analysis of the threat of politicization to this crucial role. The results show that the Constitutional Court has consistently expanded its role from judicial-procedural to judicial-substantive. Ironically, however, this role as an interpreter of social justice is now threatened by political intervention, an echo of the past that reform seeks to eradicate.

The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Big Data Analytics Capability on Firm Performance in FMCG Industry

2025-12-03T08:49:35+00:00

This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership (TL) and big data analytics capability (BDAC) on firm performance (FP) in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry in Indonesia. The research emphasizes the role of BDAC as both a direct determinant of FP and a mediator in the relationship between TL and FP. Data were collected from 118 employees of Paragon Corp using a purposive sampling technique, targeting respondents directly involved in decision making and digital transformation initiatives. Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to analyze the data. The results reveal that TL significantly and positively influences FP, both directly and indirectly through BDAC. In addition, BDAC has a significant effect on FP and partially mediates the effect of TL on FP. These findings strengthen the Resource-Based View (RBV) by positioning leadership as a human capital resource and BDAC as a technological capability that together enhance firm competitiveness. Practically, the study provides valuable insights for companies in emerging markets to align leadership and digital analytics in order to achieve sustainable performance.

Prospective Study on the Opening of the Manado–Jeddah International Route

2025-12-02T07:58:59+00:00

The opening of the international flight route between Manado and Jeddah presents a strategic opportunity to enhance connectivity between eastern Indonesia and major centers of religious activities, trade, and global mobility in the Middle East. This study aims to analyze the prospects of establishing this route through a comprehensive approach that encompasses market, operational, economic, and policy aspects. Data were obtained through a combination of demand analysis for Umrah and Hajj travel from North Sulawesi and surrounding regions, evaluation of airport capacity and supporting infrastructure readiness, as well as an economic feasibility assessment based on projected operational costs and airline revenue potential. The results indicate that the demand for religious travel shows a significant upward trend, providing a strong market potential. Additionally, Sam Ratulangi International Airport is considered capable of supporting medium-haul flight operations with several technical adjustments. Economically, the route has the potential to generate profits for airlines if fare strategies, flight frequency, and market segmentation are properly optimized. This study concludes that the opening of the Manado–Jeddah route holds promising prospects but requires synergy among airlines, airport authorities, and regional governments in infrastructure development and market promotion.

Differences in the Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Children from Confirmed Covid-19 Healthworkers with or without Symptoms in RSUP Dr.Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

2025-12-05T08:47:07+00:00

The surge of COVID-19 cases in June 2021 underscored the role of healthcare workers (HCWs) as potential sources of household transmission, including to their children. This study aimed to analyze the differences in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among children of HCWs at RSUP Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, based on parental symptom status, and to identify influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 61 children of HCWs confirmed with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured using the Chemiluminescence Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA). Statistical analyses included Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression. Results showed that 86.8% of subjects had reactive IgG, with 54.1% being children of symptomatic HCWs. The mean age was 6.9 (±3.18) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. While seroprevalence did not differ significantly between groups (p=0.079), IgG levels were significantly higher in children of symptomatic HCWs (median 3112 AU/ml vs. 758.9 AU/ml, p=0.02). Symptomatic children also had higher median IgG levels (3270 AU/ml vs. 1324 AU/ml). A strong negative correlation was found between parental CT-value and child’s IgG level (r = -0.64, p=0.001). Multivariate analysis identified CT-value as the sole significant risk factor for seroprevalence (p=0.003, AUC=100%). In conclusion, although seroprevalence did not differ, IgG levels were significantly higher in children of symptomatic HCWs, with parental viral load (CT-value) being the key determinant of seropositivity.

Pedagogical Analysis of Faith in Catechetical Activities: Between Theory and Practice in Mok Parish, Flores

2025-12-05T08:44:47+00:00

This study aims to analyze the application of the principles of faith pedagogy in catechesis activities of the people in Mok Parish, Flores, as well as identify the gap between theory and practice that takes place in the field. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with interview, observation, and documentation techniques involving parish priests, station administrators, KBG chairmen, and congregations at Waekekik Station. The results of the study show that the catechesis activities of the people are still instructive and formal, where the people are physically present but less involved in a reflective and participatory way. The factors that cause the low implementation of faith pedagogy include limited faith understanding, weak spiritual motivation, economic busyness, geographical terrain, and lack of facilitator capacity in implementing participatory methods. Analysis based on the theories of shared Christian praxis, experiential learning, and andragogy confirms that effective faith learning requires contextual experience, reflection, and dialogue of faith. This study recommends the need to update the catechesis method based on faith pedagogy that is more participatory and contextual, training facilitators, and the development of catechesis materials that are relevant to the lives of rural people. This approach is expected to be able to make catechesis a means of transforming faith that is alive and grounded in the social reality of the people.

Sustainable Tourism Management at Prambanan Temple: Analysis of Utilization, Cultural Preservation, and Local Community Welfare

2025-12-05T08:40:42+00:00

This study examines the implementation of sustainable tourism management at Prambanan Temple, focusing on the coordination challenges between PT Taman Wisata Candi (TWC) and the Cultural Heritage Preservation Center and Museum (BPK MCB), as well as the implications for economic equity, cultural preservation, and local community welfare. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with pentahelix stakeholders (academics, industry players, communities, government, and media), direct observations, and documentation analysis. The findings reveal that although PT TWC has actively organized various cultural events and empowered local communities through MSME involvement and labor absorption, the economic benefits have not been evenly distributed, and community participation remains limited, particularly in the planning and evaluation stages. Coordination between PT TWC, which is oriented toward tourism utilization, and BPK MCB, which focuses on conservation, faces challenges due to differences in priorities, lack of structured formal meetings, and overlapping regulations at various administrative levels. Cultural preservation efforts are also at risk of over-commercialization that can erode authenticity and cultural values. This study concludes that effective sustainable tourism management requires regulatory synchronization, strengthening local community participation through a community-based tourism approach, fair distribution of economic benefits, and holistic collaboration among all stakeholders to balance tourism utilization, cultural heritage preservation, and local community welfare.

A Facility Location Model With Partial Demand Satisfaction: Minimizing Total Cost In Logistics Networks

2025-11-28T02:56:32+00:00

Facility location optimization plays a pivotal role across both public and private sectores, with critical application in telecommunication, urban planning, industrial layout, and most notably for logistics and supply chain management. The main objective of a Facility Location Problem (FLP) is to determine the optimal placement of a set of facilities (Regional Distribution Centers) within defined geographical space based on spatial distribution of customer demand points. This strategic decision directly influences operational efficiency, service levels, and overall system cost. In the model presented, key factors such as the proximity of facilities to demand nodes, the volume of products required, transportation expenses, and dissastisfaction cost (i.e., penalties for unmet demand) are explicitly incorporated into the optimization framework. The goal is not only to identify the best facility locations but also to decide which transportation links to activate and how much flow to allocate across them, therefore minimizing total system cost while satisfying demand requirements as effectively as possible. The computational results demonstrate crucial insight. Dissatisfaction costs are increased reflecting higher penalties for failing to meet costumer demand. The model responds by fully satisfying all destinations, even if it entails higher dissatisfaction expenditures and reducing the total cost.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Integration in Financial Risk Management: Global Evidence From A Bibliometric and Systematic Literature Review

2025-12-03T08:50:40+00:00

This study aims to analyze the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors into financial risk management through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis on a global scale. ESG has transitioned to a central focus in modern financial strategies due to its role in increasing a company's resilience to long-term risks and driving business sustainability. The study synthesizes findings from 492 Scopus-indexed documents during the period 2015–2024, using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny (R) for bibliometric mapping, trend identification, and thematic clustering. The results of the analysis show an exponential growth in scientific production (Annual Growth Rate 68.76%), indicating the acceleration of the maturity of this topic, supported by a strong collaborative network and wide geographical spread. The thematic analysis confirms that the main focus of the literature is centered on the relationship between ESG and financial performance and risk, as well as the crucial role of corporate governance in mitigating risk. Qualitatively, the literature identifies three main clusters: (1) the relationship between ESG and financial risk (systematic and idiosyncratic), (2) the incorporation of ESG data in sustainable investment decisions and policy frameworks, and (3) the influence of global governance and regulatory structures on risk mitigation. Overall, the study concludes that ESG integration significantly reduces financial risk and increases corporate resilience, while highlighting the need for more sophisticated quantitative methodologies to address data standardization and disclosure challenges.

Epistemology of Knowledge in the Perspective of the Quran

2025-12-02T07:59:51+00:00

This research aims to examine the epistemology of science from the perspective of the Qur’an, focusing on the sources, methods, and goals of its achievement within the framework of Islamic science. Through the analysis of texts and concepts in the Qur’an as well as the study of classical and contemporary Muslim thinkers, it was found that Islamic epistemology is integrative and hierarchical, combining revelation as the supreme source, reason as an instrument of interpretation, empirical experience as a means of observation, and intuition as a form of inner guidance. This epistemological system does not reject modern science but rather places it in a moral and theological frame that reinforces the meaning of the search for knowledge. The concept of knowledge in Islam is not only cognitive but also moral and spiritual, directed toward the recognition, usefulness, and perpetuation of Allah. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the reconstruction of a monotheism-based scientific paradigm that is able to address the value crisis in modern science and strengthen the foundation of a holistic and meaningful epistemology. In conclusion, the Qur’anic epistemology provides a holistic, value-based paradigm that seeks to address the crisis of meaning in modern science by grounding knowledge in divine guidance and moral responsibility.

Augustine's Predestination Doctrine of Hippo: The Legacy of Patristic Theology and Its Implications for Christian Education

2025-12-02T07:58:16+00:00

This study discusses the concept of predestination according to Augustine of Hippo and its implications for Christian education. Augustine asserts that humans, because of original sin, are incapable of achieving salvation through their own efforts; only God's sovereign grace is the basis for salvation. His thinking arose from debates with Pelagianism, which emphasized human freedom. Augustine, on the other hand, highlighted the total depravity of humans and their need for God's grace. This doctrine of predestination then affirms the dynamic relationship between God's grace and the limitations of human free will. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature approach. The results of this study show that Christian education is a means of God's grace, whereby God saves, shapes, and restores students to know God. Therefore, Augustine's doctrine of predestination also emphasizes that the goal of Christian education must be oriented towards the transformation of faith, shaping students in obedience and love for God. Thus, Augustine's idea emphasizes that the goal of Christian education is the renewal of life in Christ, not just intellectual achievement.

Legal Issues of Land Acquisition and Application of Risk Management in the Implementation of the Trans Sumatra Toll Road Project

2025-12-05T08:45:39+00:00

The development of national strategic infrastructure demands legal certainty at every stage to support economic growth and equitable development. The Trans Sumatra Toll Road (JTTS) Project exemplifies this complexity, facing legal, social, and administrative challenges in land acquisition for the public interest. This study examines how the national legal framework for land acquisition is applied in the JTTS project and how law-based risk management supports its effectiveness in overcoming acquisition barriers. Using a juridical-normative approach focused on statutes, this research analyzes Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development for the Public Interest, Presidential Regulation No. 100 of 2014 jo. Presidential Regulation No. 42 of 2024 on Accelerating Toll Road Construction in Sumatra, and Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 3 of 2016 on Procedures for Objections to Land Acquisition Compensation, alongside case studies from the JTTS project. Findings reveal that although the legal framework provides a comprehensive basis, implementation faces regulatory disharmony, weak inter-agency coordination, and limited transparency in compensation. PERMA No. 3 of 2016 serves as a lex specialis, strengthening legal protection and certainty for affected communities. The study confirms that successful JTTS implementation depends on synergy between legal certainty and effective legal risk management. Reforming land law policy by harmonizing regulations, digitizing land data, and reinforcing the PERMA-based objection mechanism is a strategic step toward a fair and sustainable system for land acquisition.

Criminal Law Analysis of Abuse of Authority in the Procurement of Goods and Services

2025-12-05T08:41:27+00:00

Government procurement of goods and services is a crucial instrument in national development that is vulnerable to abuse of authority by public officials. This study aims to analyze Indonesian criminal law regulations regarding abuse of authority in the procurement of goods and services and the role of law enforcement officials in prosecuting and preventing such practices. The method used is normative legal research, examining relevant laws and regulations, particularly Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption and Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, as well as analyzing court decisions and related legal literature. The results of the study indicate that criminal law regulations regarding abuse of authority have been comprehensively regulated through various regulations that integrate administrative and criminal aspects. Law enforcement officials, such as the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Prosecutor's Office, and the Police, play a strategic role in repressive, preventive, and educational functions. The study concludes that firm, proportional, and just law enforcement, accompanied by strengthening the internal oversight system and synergy between institutions, are necessary to minimize abuse of authority and realize transparent, accountable, and corruption-free governance.