Journal of Social Research

Spontaneous Colonic Perforation in a Four-Month-Old Infant: A Rare Case Report

Zaky Davidia Rifaldi — 2025-10-20

Spontaneous colonic perforation is a rare clinical entity in infants beyond the neonatal period, generally classified into stercoral and idiopathic types, with the latter being sporadic and challenging to diagnose due to nonspecific presentations. We report the case of a five-month-old female infant, born preterm at 36 weeks and 6 days, who presented with progressive abdominal distension, absence of stool and flatus, and clinical signs of peritonitis. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a laceration-type perforation extending from the left transverse to descending colon with surrounding necrosis, without any history of trauma or abdominal procedures, supporting an idiopathic etiology. Surgical management included resection of the affected segment with end-to-end anastomosis and ileostomy, while laboratory findings demonstrated anemia, hypocalcemia, mild hyperglycemia, and leukocytosis. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition of spontaneous colonic perforation in infants, as delayed intervention is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and highlights the need for prompt surgical management to improve outcomes in this rare but life-threatening condition.

Creating the Perfect Storm: A New Perspective of Service Quality

Rifdah Isyraq Rahmita — 2025-10-09

This study aims to examine the influence of service quality and store atmosphere on store patronage with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable, as well as to test the moderating role of store atmosphere. The research object is Toko Salmah, a semi-modern retail store in Balikpapan. A quantitative approach was employed using a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 150 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Moderated Mediation Regression Analysis (MMRA) with PROCESS Macro Model 59 in SPSS. The results indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction (b = 0.603; p < 0.001), and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on store patronage (b = 0.556; p < 0.001). Furthermore, customer satisfaction mediates the effect of service quality on store patronage. However, store atmosphere was not found to be a significant moderator but acts as a direct predictor of customer satisfaction (b = 0.345; p = 0.006) and store patronage (b = 0.207; p = 0.021). These findings highlight that service quality and customer satisfaction are the primary drivers of customer loyalty, while store atmosphere contributes as a direct predictor rather than as a moderating factor. The study provides practical implications for local retailers in designing service strategies and shopping experiences that prioritize customer satisfaction.

Escherichia Coli Contamination Test on Thai Tea Drinks in the Ayahanda Street Area Using the MPN Method

Dorkas Dhea F. Mendrofa — 2025-10-28

Thai tea is one of the drinks that are popular with urban people. However, the less hygienic processing and presentation can be a source of microbiological contamination. This study aims to detect the presence of Escherichia coli in Thai tea drinks sold on Jalan Ayahanda, Medan, using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The research design was quantitative descriptive with a laboratory experimental approach, using ten samples from Thai tea sellers. The results showed that all samples were positive for coliform with an MPN value of 15–460 MPN/100 mL, eight samples were positive for the BGLB confirmatory test, and one sample (10%) was positive for Escherichia coli in EMB media. Based on the SNI standard (0/100 mL), the positive sample was declared unfit for consumption. These findings confirm the importance of implementing good hygiene and sanitation in the processing and sale of beverages to ensure food safety. They also contribute to the limited body of knowledge on street-level food safety risks in densely populated urban corridors and highlight the urgent need for strengthened street-food hygiene monitoring and consumer awareness to prevent microbial foodborne illness.

Integration of Shuttle Tourist Transport with Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Metro Jabar Trans in Bandung Regency

I Made Suartika — 2025-10-10

Ciwidey in South Bandung is one of the leading tourist areas that requires good transportation accessibility. This study explores the integration of special shuttle services for tourists with the West Java Trans Metro Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in the area. The research approach includes literature review, policy analysis, transportation planning documents, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and comparative case studies with other cities/tourist areas. The results of the study revealed several main obstacles: weak institutional synergy between related agencies, inconsistencies in regulations governing tourism and public modes, and the issue of less integrated tariffs. For example, the Semarang study shows that most BRT stops do not have adequate intermodal integration facilities and Kebumen's analysis found that 89.55% of tourists are willing to choose the tour shuttle mode if cost and comfort are guaranteed Good practices from other cities, such as the integration strategy of public services in Yogyakarta can be used as a reference. This study concludes that strengthening institutional coordination, regulatory adjustments, and integrated tariff design are needed to facilitate modal integration.

Time and Cost Management Analysis Using the Schedule Performance Index (SPI) and Cost Performance Index (CPI) Methods in the Community Health Center Construction Project in Kakaskasen Village, Tomohon City

Grace Yoyce Malingkas — 2025-10-10

Project management is crucial to the success of infrastructure development, including healthcare facility projects such as community health centers. This study aims to analyze time and cost management in a community health center construction project in Kakaskasen Village, Tomohon City. The research method used earned value management (EVM) analysis to evaluate project performance, specifically schedule and cost. The results showed that the project experienced significant time and cost deviations in several construction projects. The schedule performance index was below 1, indicating project delays, while the cost performance index was also below 1, indicating cost overruns. Factors contributing to the delays included poor coordination with relevant parties, delays in material procurement, and unfavorable weather conditions. Proposed recommendations include improving initial planning, strengthening risk management, and more intensive progress monitoring to ensure project completion meets established targets. This research is expected to contribute to improving the management of similar projects.

Influence Of Management Information Systems, Human Resource Management, And Regional Leadership On Effectiveness Of E-Government Implementation In Ciamis Regency

Irfan Nursetiawan — 2025-10-24

The implementation of e-Government in the regions still faces obstacles, especially related to the readiness of management information systems, the quality of human resources, and leadership capacity in directing change. This study aims to analyze the influence of Management Information Systems, Human Resource Management, and Leadership on the implementation of e-Government by using quantitative research methods and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the Management Information System and Human Resource Management did not have a significant influence on the implementation of e-Government, while the Leadership variable was proven to have a significant effect with a significance value of 0.003. These findings indicate that the success of e-Government is more determined by leadership that is able to influence the direction of the organization, build a digital culture, and make strategic decisions oriented towards the transformation of public services. The novelty of this research lies in strengthening the perspective of digital leadership in the government sector, namely how leadership capacity plays a key factor in encouraging the adoption and sustainability of e-Government, beyond the role of technology and human resources. Based on these results, it is suggested that the Regional Government, especially Ciamis Regency, strengthen digital leadership through technology-based leadership training and increased leadership involvement in the government's digital transformation process.

The Utilization Of Artificial Intelligence In The Reactualization Of Pancasila Values Among Generation Z In The Digital Era

Rahma Akbar Ramadhani — 2025-10-10

Generation Z has emerged in an area marked by rapid technological advancement, this condition makes them highly vulnerable to the influence of information that frequently contradicts the fundamental values of Pancasila. The present study seeks to examine the impact of AI ulitization for the recontextualization of Pancasila values, ensuring their continued relevance within the dynamics of the digital age. This research employs a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review, focusing on scholarly works related to the use of AI among Generation Z and its implications for the internalizations of national ideology. The findings reveal that AI offers significant opportunities as an effective medium for promoting the learning and dissemination of Pancasila values. At the same time, however, it presents potential risks, particularly the circulation of misinformation and disinformation, which may undermine social cohesion and national unity. These challenges highlight the necessity of adopting strategic measures in AI utilization, including the enhancement of digital literacy, the strengthening of character education, and as well as the formulation of appropriate regulatory frameworks. With such well-directed efforts, AI holds substantial potential to serve as a pivotal instrument in a shaping a golden generation that is not only adaptive to technological change but also firmly anchored in the principles of Pancasila.

Lifetime-Based Tire Rotation Strategy to Minimize Premature Failure Cost Loss at Critical Position Dump Truck HD785-7

M. Ferry Saputra — 2025-10-24

The coal mining industry faces significant challenges in managing operational costs, particularly those related to the maintenance of dump truck tires, which contribute 25–30% of total hauling operational expenses. This study examines a lifetime-based tire rotation strategy to minimize cost losses due to premature tire failures in positions 3 and 4 of HD785-7 dump trucks at the MIP mining site. The research method employs the Quality Control Circle (QCC) approach, consisting of eight systematic steps: problem identification, cause-and-effect analysis, solution determination, improvement implementation, result evaluation, and standardization. The implementation of the strategic tire rotation—by assigning tires with a lifetime of more than 8,000 hours to the 3rd and 4th positions, along with scheduled road patrols and optimized spare tire stock management—was carried out between April and August 2025. The results showed an 87% reduction in the loss cost for the left position (from IDR 291,947,858 to IDR 38,506,461) and a 65% reduction in the total loss cost for 27.00R49 tires (from IDR 404,792,592 to IDR 143,907,833), with the average lifetime progress of positions 3 and 4 increasing to 116% of the target. The scrap ratio changed from 5:3 (left:right) to 8:3, indicating the effectiveness of the rotation strategy in extending tire life at critical positions. This research makes a practical contribution to the mining industry by optimizing tire management through a predictive approach based on lifetime data and a comprehensive understanding of vehicle structural load distribution.

Actualizing the Local Wisdom of the Betawi Community through the Utilization of Digital Era Technology

Gandhi Seputra Nur — 2025-10-11

This research aims to examine the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Betawi culture in Indonesia, by exploring the potentials and challenges faced in the preservation and development of this culture in the digital era. This study found that the integration of AI in Betawi cultural traditions can have positive impacts such as reviving Betawi indigenous culture that has begun to fade with cultural modernization, expanding the reach of the community to be able to understand more deeply Betawi cultural customs, and strengthening Betawi cultural identity. This research proves that AI has an important role in the preservation and development of Betawi culture, but it needs to be supported by critical thinking and awareness skills, as well as considerable cost capital in its use to avoid negative impacts and maximize its benefits.

Antimicrobial Activity Test of The Combination of Pineapple Leaf Extract (Ananas Comosus) and Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper Betle L) Against Candida Albicans

Adjani Buaya — 2025-10-25

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can cause infections, especially in individuals with low immune systems. Efforts to control this fungal infection can be done by utilizing natural ingredients as an alternative antifungal. Pineapple leaves (Ananas comosus) and green betel leaves (Piper betle L) are known to contain active compounds with antimicrobial properties. This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of a combination of pineapple leaf and green betel leaf extracts on the growth of Candida albicans and to compare their effectiveness at various concentrations. This research is a laboratory experimental study using the disc diffusion method. Three groups of extract concentration combinations were used: 20%, 40%, and 60%. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured in millimeters, and data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by a Tukey HSD test. The results showed that the 20% concentration produced the largest average inhibition zone diameter of 38.32 mm, while the 40% and 60% concentrations produced 28.46 mm and 28.31 mm, respectively. The ANOVA test showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05), and the Tukey HSD test showed that the 20% concentration was significantly different from the other two groups. The combination of pineapple leaf and green betel leaf extracts at a concentration of 20% was the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans compared to concentrations of 40% and 60%.

Comparative Analysis of Dimension and Cost Planning of Designed Upper Structure Elements With SRPMB, SRPMM, and SRPMK Structural Systems

Totok Andi Prasetyo — 2025-10-11

In general, industrial buildings are built using steel material as the main structure. The most basic structural elements used in industrial buildings consist of columns and rafters as the main frame. The combination of columns and rafters in a portal frame system forms a strong, efficient, and flexible structure for various industrial building needs. In the context of building planning in Indonesia, there are several systems that can be applied, namely the Ordinary Moment Resisting Framing Systems (OMRFS), Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame Systems (IMRFS), and Special Moment Resisting Framing Systems (SMRFS). Each of these systems has different characteristics, so the selection must be adjusted based on the seismic design category. This final project compares the dimension planning and cost of structural elements in warehouse buildings designed with three different structural systems, namely OMRFS, IMRFS and SMRFS. The analysis was carried out using ETABS v.18 software and manual calculations in accordance with SNI 1726: 2020, SNI 1729: 2020, and SNI 2860: 2020. Based on the results of the ETABS v.18 software analysis and manual calculations, the overall weight volume of the structural element dimensions of each structural system is OMRFS of 227.67 tons, IMRFS of 241.31 tons and SMRFS of 350.73 tons. For the value of the budget plan cost on OMRFS obtained at Rp. 8,986,525,987, for IMRFS obtained at Rp. 9,460,556,532, and SMRFS obtained at Rp 13,253,952,870.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Low Back Pain in Mothers Pregnant in the Third Trimester at Anugerah Clinic Deli Serdang

Homitta Juliana br Simatupang — 2025-10-27

Back pain is a common complaint experienced by pregnant women, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy. It usually occurs in the lumbosacral area due to increased gestational age, parity, and physical activity that place pressure on the spine and surrounding muscles. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for back pain in pregnant women during the third trimester. This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Anugerah Clinic Deli Serdang. The study population consisted of 52 participants, with a sample size of 35 respondents selected purposively. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test at a 95% confidence level (? = 0.05). The results showed that age, occupation, parity, and physical activity had a significant effect on back pain among pregnant women in the third trimester at Anugerah Clinic Deli Serdang, with each p-value demonstrating statistical significance (p = 0.005; p = 0.012; p = 0.001; and p = 0.039), all below the 0.05 threshold. Further researchers are encouraged to examine additional factors that may influence back pain in third-trimester pregnant women, such as stress, posture, and lifestyle. A qualitative or mixed-methods approach could be employed to explore more deeply the experiences of both healthcare providers and patients.

Assessment of Water Quality Assurance for Communities in Mehara, Tutuala Administrative Post, Lautém Municipality

Juvencio Dos Santos — 2025-10-10

This study investigates the measures necessary to guarantee water quality for the community in the Mehara District, Tutuala Administrative Post, Lautém Municipality, Timor-Leste. Access to safe and clean water is crucial for public health, sanitation, and overall well-being, yet the region faces challenges related to water quality due to various environmental and anthropogenic factors. Key parameters such as microbial contamination, chemical pollutants, and physical characteristics of water sources were assessed. The findings revealed significant issues with water quality that could pose health risks to the local population. Factors contributing to these issues include inadequate sanitation facilities, agricultural runoff, and seasonal variations in water availability. In response, the study outlines recommendations for improving water quality, including the implementation of effective water management practices, community education on sanitation, and the establishment of regular monitoring systems for water quality assessment. By prioritizing these strategies, the aim is to enhance the safety and sustainability of water resources in Mehara District, ultimately ensuring the health and well-being of its residents.

Empowerment of Housewives through Compost Making Training for Organic Waste Management using the Takakura Method in Bebandem Village, Karangasem

Ahmad Alfito Dinova — 2025-10-25

The increasing volume of organic waste in Bebandem Village, Karangasem, is a serious problem due to the lack of understanding of housewives in managing it independently. As a solution, the PPK Ormawa KSR-PMI Team of Udayana University held an empowerment program through the Prabu Literacy Corner, which provided training and assistance in making compost using the Takakura method to 39 housewives. This activity was carried out in ten structured meeting sessions that included socialization, direct practice, and evaluation to ensure skill mastery. The results of the program showed a significant increase, where 100% of participants were now able to sort waste (an increase of 60.53%) and 100% of participants managed to master Takakura composting skills. The final achievement rate of the activity reached 96.91% with the category "Excellent". This training succeeded in increasing community independence in processing waste from its source and converting organic waste into value-added compost, as well as fostering concern for the environment.

The ASEAN’s Limitation of Regional Digital Integration: How Digital Sovereignty Overlaps Regional Organization Effectiveness

Andrew Elnathan — 2025-10-11

The rapid development of digital transformation has profoundly shaped economic and political interactions globally, with the “new oil of the 21st century.” Southeast Asia faces unique challenges in balancing national digital sovereignty and regional digital integration. This study critically examines ASEAN's effectiveness in fostering a regional digital integration amidst diverse data governance policies and digital sovereignty concerns across its member states. Through a qualitative literature review and focused case studies of Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam, and the European Union, it reveals how diverse national interests, fragmented regulations, and infrastructural disparities obstruct ASEAN’s digital integration ambitions. While ASEAN presents frameworks such as the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework and the ASEAN Digital Masterplan 2025, implementation remains limited due to underlying sovereignty issues and ASEAN’s mandate of non-interference. Comparisons with the European Union’s centralized digital sovereignty and regulatory harmonization highlight ASEAN’s institutional and political constraints. The study contributes to the discourse on new regionalism by addressing the underexplored intersection of digital sovereignty and regionalism in Southeast Asia, offering insights into the complex dynamics shaping ASEAN Digital Regionalism and its prospects.

The Relationship of Hearing Loss to Quality of Life in the Elderly in Nursing Homes

Addini Amira Putri — 2025-10-29

Hearing loss is a common health problem among the elderly that significantly affects quality of life. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the type and degree of hearing loss and quality of life using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly–Screening (HHIE-S). A cross-sectional design was conducted on 58 respondents aged ?60 years at UPTD Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjai. Hearing thresholds were assessed using pure-tone audiometry, while psychosocial impact was measured with HHIE-S. Kendall’s Tau-b showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.641; p < 0.001) between hearing loss severity and HHIE-S scores. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences among hearing loss types (p = 0.024), with mixed hearing loss showing the highest median score. Post-hoc Mann-Whitney analysis confirmed significant differences between normal hearing and mixed loss, and between conductive and mixed loss.

Improving The Use of Biogas/Biohydrogen in Dual Fuel Engines Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN).

Hamza Khamis Kombo — 2025-10-17

Growing energy demand and the need to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases have created greater interest in alternative fuels such as diesel substitutes, with biodiesel, biogas, and bio-hydrogen being rated as the viable alternatives. Biodiesel improves combustion and reduces CO and HC emissions, biogas is economically viable utilization but its efficiency is impacted by the loss resulting from the presence of CO?, and bio-hydrogen supports the development of flame, thermal efficiency, and reduces carbon-based emissions. However, issues with abnormal combustion, reduced efficiency, and high levels of NOx with high levels of substitution necessitate optimization of the parameters. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to evaluated and optimize the effect of load, compression ratio, ignition pressure, and gas flow rates on engine performance and emission. RSM outputs reported load, ignition pressure, and bio-hydrogen to have strong effects on BTE, BSFC, CO, and NOx with a maximum of 40.55% BTE, 303.48 g/kWh BSFC, 2.35 g/kWh CO, and 869.78 ppm NOx. ANN models reported a good predictive capability with R² > 0.99 and were better at predicting emission trends compared to RSM. The integration of RSM and ANN offers a highly effective tool for optimizing dual-fuel diesel engines to attain improved efficiency, improved fuel utilization, and reduced emissions for green energy use.

Perception and Assertiveness Practices in the Ewuh Pekewuh Concept: an Indigenous Psychology Approach in Yogyakarta Society

Dwi Indah Ratnawati — 2025-10-10

The concept of ewuh pekewuh in Javanese culture can be learned from the aspect of Indigenous Psychology. It can affect the way individuals openly express thoughts, feelings, and desires, which is at the core of assertive behavior. This study is important to understand how local cultural values shape communication patterns, as well as to identify how the people of Yogyakarta interpret and practice assertive communication in the concept and frame of cultural values of ewuh pekewuh, a social norm that reflects reluctance, respect, and reluctance to offend others. Using an indigenous psychology approach, the focus of this study explores local understandings of assertiveness, which have been constructed more from a Western perspective. The method used is participatory and contextual reflective observation, by relating and trying to bridge modern communication psychology with local wisdom, as well as uncovering the psychological reality of Javanese society which has been underrepresented in global communication theory. The results of this paper are expected to make theoretical and practical contributions in understanding the dynamics of assertive communication based on local culture, as well as become the basis for the development of communication interventions that are more contextual and sensitive to the cultural values of Indonesian society.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Test to Bacteria in the Postoperative Treatment Room at Royal Prima Marelan Hospital

Yohanes Yohanes — 2025-10-28

Nosocomial infections in postoperative patients are a serious problem in hospitals because they can increase the rate of illness, death, and treatment costs. One of the important steps in controlling these infections is to conduct an Antibiotic Sensitivity Test to Bacteria in the Postoperative Treatment Room at Royal Prima Marelan Hospital to determine the effectiveness of drugs against bacteria causing infection. This study aims to identify the types of bacteria found in the postoperative intensive care room of Royal Prima Marelan Hospital and assess the level of sensitivity to several antibiotics. The study used an observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 10 samples were taken from air, wall surfaces, floors, beds, and medical equipment. Bacterial identification was carried out through culture and Gram staining, followed by sensitivity tests using the Kirby-Bauer method against the antibiotics levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline. The results showed that the most common bacteria found were Bacillus sp. (60%), followed by Staphylococcus sp. (30%), and Streptococcus sp. (10%). Sensitivity tests showed that levofloxacin had the highest sensitivity level at 90%, amoxicillin sensitivity was 70% with 30% resistance, while tetracycline showed a balanced result between sensitive and intermediate at 50%. Based on these results, levofloxacin is still the most effective antibiotic against bacteria in the postoperative room, while amoxicillin and tetracycline are less effective. These findings are expected to support the selection of appropriate antibiotics and help control bacterial resistance in hospitals.

Analysis of the Influence of Air Conditioning System on the Assessment Rating of Green Buiding Certification "Greenship Existing Building"

Bakhtiar Bakhtiar — 2025-10-17

This study aims to analyze the influence of the air conditioning system on achieving the Green Building certification rating for Greenship Existing Building PT Pamapersada Nusantara Head Office. The air conditioning system is a key aspect in assessing green building performance, particularly in the categories of energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and thermal comfort. The research method used was a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data analysis in the form of energy audit documents, electricity consumption measurements, and technical data from the HVAC system installed in the building. The results show that the air conditioning system significantly contributes to points earned in the Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) and Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC) categories. The implementation of an energy-efficient HVAC system, the use of high-efficiency equipment, and sound operational management can increase the efficiency of electrical energy consumption to the required limit. Indoor air quality is maintained according to standards, which positively impacts the comfort and productivity of building occupants. The results confirm that the air conditioning system is a strategic factor in achieving green building certification and serves as an important foundation for energy management and environmental sustainability efforts in existing buildings.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis Due to Daily Soap Products: A Case Report

Sugih Primas Adjie — 2025-10-10

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a skin disorder that results from contact with an allergenic substance. Allergic contact dermatitis is most commonly caused by cosmetics and daily products. This case report describes a case of contact dermatitis caused by soap suspected of containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and fragrance with a positive patch test result. A 36-year-old man presented with complaints of hand skin redness, itching and scaling. A history of using dish and hand soap products was obtained. Dermatologic examination showed multiple erythematous patches with overlying squamous, xerotic skin suggestive of DKA. The patient underwent patch test examination with standardized materials and materials brought by the patient to confirm the diagnosis. The patient showed positive reactions to Sunlight® dishwashing liquid soap, Super pell® mop soap, wow® dish soap, calmic® hand soap, and so iln® liquid detergent. The diagnosis of BCC can be established based on anamnesis, physical, and anatomical histopathological examination. Diagnosis of BCC is accomplished by accurate interpretation of the skin biopsy results. Histopathological examination should be performed in cases of doubtful lesions, large tumors or ulcerations for which the diagnosis is uncertain and to assess surgical margins. Therapy for BCC is preventive and curative. Therapy selection depends on the patient's age and gender as well as the site, size, and type of lesion.

The Effect of Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude, and Income on Personal Financial Management Behavior Among Millennials in Lhokseumawe City

Koko Bustami — 2025-10-28

This study examines the influence of financial literacy, financial attitude, and income on the personal financial management behavior of millennials in Lhokseumawe City. As a productive demographic, millennials face significant economic pressures, making effective financial management crucial. This study aims to determine the influence of financial literacy, financial attitude, and income on personal financial management behavior of the millennial generation in Lhokseumawe City. The population in this study consisted of all millennial generations in Lhokseumawe City aged between 29 and 44 years, totaling 47,732 people. The approach used in this study was quantitative, employing a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents selected through simple random sampling techniques. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to test the partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that, partially, financial attitude has a significant effect on personal financial management behavior, while financial literacy and income do not have a significant partial effect. However, simultaneously, the three variables have a significant effect on the personal financial management behavior of the millennial generation in Lhokseumawe City. This study implies that increasing positive financial attitudes plays an important role in forming healthy financial behavior. In addition, although financial literacy and income do not have a direct effect, it remains necessary to increase financial awareness and understanding in the younger generation.

Fault-Based Liability Vs. Strict Liability: Comparative Study of the Concept of Unlawful Acts Indonesia – Japan

Wilhelmina Setia Atmadja — 2025-10-17

This research analyzes the comparative concepts of fault-based liability and strict liability in torts under Indonesian and Japanese civil law. Although both jurisdictions adopt the European-Continental legal system, the approaches to liability reflect different historical, political, and social contexts. The research employs a normative (doctrinal) juridical approach, supported by secondary legal materials. Findings show that fault-based liability, as codified under Article 1365 of the Civil Code and Article 700 of the Civil Code of Japan, remains the general principle in determining liability, placing the burden of proof on plaintiffs. However, strict liability has emerged in special laws, particularly in consumer protection and environmental law. Landmark cases such as PT Newmont Minahasa Raya in Indonesia and the Minamata case in Japan illustrate the challenges and transitions between these two liability regimes. The study concludes that a balanced dual approach is necessary. Fault-based liability ensures legal certainty and fairness for defendants, while strict liability strengthens victim protection and deterrence. Ultimately, harmonizing both principles enhances access to justice, accommodates social needs, and aligns with global legal trends.

The Clinical Relevance of Serum Interleukin-21 in Grading Acne Vulgaris

Ayu Kusuma Dewi — 2025-10-09

Acne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory skin disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis involving genetics, hormones, and immune dysregulation. Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a pleiotropic cytokine mainly secreted by T follicular helper and Th17 cells, has been implicated in various inflammatory skin diseases. However, its role in AV remains unclear. This cross-sectional study included 46 patients with AV, classified into mild (n=19), moderate (n=16), and severe (n=11) groups. Serum IL-21 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Baseline characteristics were compared across groups, and interobserver reliability of AV severity grading was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa test. One-way ANOVA was applied to assess differences in IL-21 levels among severity groups, with a significance level set at p<0.05. The mean serum IL-21 level was highest in the severe AV group (303.53 pg/mL), followed by the moderate (223.7 pg/mL) and mild (213.2 pg/mL) groups. Although there was a trend toward increasing IL-21 levels with higher AV severity, statistical analysis revealed no significant difference among the three groups (p=0.130). Serum IL-21 levels were elevated in AV patients compared with previously reported healthy controls but did not differ significantly across severity levels. These findings suggest that IL-21 may play a role in the pathophysiology of AV, though it is not a reliable marker of clinical severity. Further case-control and tissue-based studies are needed to clarify its role.

The Effect of Coffee Consumption on the Severity of Acne Vulgaris in Students of Universitas Prima Indonesia

Jaqueline Francetta — 2025-10-24

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder in adolescents and young adults, characterized by the presence of non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions on the pilosebacebase unit. This condition is influenced by various factors such as hormonal, genetic, stress, and diet. Coffee as a caffeinated beverage is widely consumed by college students, so it is interesting to research its relationship with the severity of acne vulgaris. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of coffee consumption on the severity of acne vulgaris in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia class of 2022–2024. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 30 respondents who were selected using purposive sampling techniques according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was carried out through the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) questionnaire to assess coffee consumption and the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) to assess the severity of acne vulgaris. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents were female (70%) and had a moderate level of coffee consumption (56.7%). The most severe acne vulgaris was found in the mild category (60%). The bivariate test showed a value of p = 0.057 (>0.05), which indicates that there is no significant relationship between coffee consumption and the severity of acne vulgaris. Conclusion: Coffee consumption was not significantly related to the severity of acne vulgaris in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia. Other factors such as the type of coffee, drink mix, diet, stress, and genetic predisposition may also affect the onset of acne vulgaris.

Discretion of the Minister of Trade in the Sugar Import Case of 2015–2016 and the Limits of Authority and Accountability in State Administrative Law

Hadi Mustopa — 2025-10-11

Indonesia, as a state based on the rule of law, adheres to the principle that every governmental act must be grounded in applicable regulations. Nevertheless, in practice, there are circumstances not explicitly addressed by legal provisions, creating the necessity for public officials to exercise discretionary authority. Discretion serves as a mechanism that enables flexibility in administrative decision-making to address legal gaps while remaining within the limits of existing legal frameworks. This study examines the concept, scope, principles, and boundaries of discretionary authority in administrative law and evaluates the Minister of Trade’s exercise of such authority in the 2015–2016 sugar import case. Employing a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches, this research reveals that discretion is tightly regulated to prevent abuse of power, including the requirement of procedural compliance and inter-agency coordination. The findings from the sugar import case demonstrate that although the Minister’s policy was intended to serve the public interest, it did not comply with procedural coordination requirements and breached established procedures, thereby raising disputes over the legality of the discretionary action. The study concludes that discretion must always be carried out in accordance with the principles of legality, accountability, and effective coordination between relevant governmental bodies. This study contributes to clarifying the boundaries between legitimate discretion and abuse of authority within Indonesia’s state administrative law framework.

Overview of Risk Factors for Cholelytasis Patients at Royal Prima Medan Hospital in 2022-2023

Syakira Iatassomi — 2025-10-24

This study aims to provide an overview of the risk factors associated with cholelithiasis among patients treated at Royal Prima Hospital Medan during 2022–2023. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, data were collected simultaneously from patient medical records to identify and describe risk characteristics. The research population included all patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis within the specified period, while the sampling technique employed was proportional random sampling. Data were obtained through documentation methods and analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics to present the distribution of each variable. The findings revealed that the majority of patients were female (59.7%), aged over 40 years (68.1%), had a family history of cholelithiasis (90.3%), and were overweight (45.8%). Body mass index (BMI) analysis showed that 45.8% of patients were overweight, 36.1% had normal BMI, and 18.1% were obese, with no underweight cases identified. The results are expected to highlight key factors such as age range, body mass index (BMI), and family medical history contributing to the occurrence of cholelithiasis. This study provides valuable insights for healthcare providers in improving preventive strategies and promoting public awareness regarding the risk factors for cholelithiasis.

The Effect Of Leadership Style, Communication, Discipline, And Public Service On Community Participation In Paying Waste Retribution At The Environmental Agency

Samudra Kurniaman Zendrato — 2025-10-10

The waste levy is part of the original regional income, in order for the community to pay the waste levy, it is necessary to have the influence of leaders with a leadership style, good communication, discipline and public service that is directly felt by the community. This study aims to determine the Influence of Leadership Style on Community Participation in Paying Waste Levy. Data analysis using multiple linear regression model with a quantitative approach with a descriptive type of research using SPSS version 22.0 with a sample of 224 respondents. The results of the study showed that each variable X partially affected variable Y and simultaneously variable X affected variable Y. The conclusions of this study are 1) that there is an influence of Leadership Style on Community Participation in Paying Waste Levy; 2) that there is an influence of communication on Community Participation in Paying Waste Levy; 3) that there is an influence of work discipline on Community Participation in Paying Waste Levy; 4) that there is an influence of public services on Community Participation in Paying Waste Levy. 5) that the free variable simultaneously affects the bound variable together. Dependent variables (Leadership style, Communication, Work Discipline and Public Service) that can be explained by independent variables (Community Participation) are 52% while the remaining 48% are explained by other variables that are not studied.

Analysis of the Impact of Indonesia's Membership in BRICS: Opportunities and Challenges in the Global Era

Mutia Salsabilla — 2025-10-24

BRICS, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, represents over 40% of the world’s population, 25% of global GDP, and 17% of international trade. As a leading ASEAN economy, Indonesia’s membership offers opportunities for greater market access, foreign direct investment (FDI), and cooperation in technology and infrastructure. This research analyzes the impact of Indonesia’s BRICS membership on foreign policy and national growth using a qualitative, case study approach with data from literature reviews and online sources. Findings show that Indonesia’s formal membership, commencing on January 6, 2025, is a strategic effort to strengthen its global economic and political influence and counterbalance Western hegemony. Key benefits include expanded market access (non-oil and gas exports to BRICS reached $84.37 billion in 2024), investment diversification, technology collaboration, and alternative financing through the New Development Bank (NDB). Participation also enhances Indonesia’s negotiating leverage in international forums and aligns with its “free and active” foreign policy. However, challenges remain in maintaining diplomatic balance, particularly in managing differing interests among BRICS members (e.g., Russia and China) and addressing perceptions of bias toward certain Western blocs. Economic disparities and integration obstacles within BRICS also constrain cooperation. In conclusion, Indonesia must strategically manage its relations with both BRICS and Western partners while navigating internal dynamics to optimize the advantages of its membership.

Strategic Leadership Styles in The Digital Era: Lessons From Russia, The United States, and Israel for Indonesia's Cyber Defense Doctrine

Agung Widodo — 2025-10-09

The development of information technology has presented new challenges in the defense sector, especially in the cyber domain. Threats such as ransomware attacks, data leaks, and the potential for cyber warfare are not only technical, but also strategic because they can disrupt national stability and state sovereignty. This background prompted the study to examine strategic leadership in cyber defense by comparing the experiences of three countries: Russia, the United States, and Israel. This research aims to identify the strategic leadership patterns of cyber defense in the three countries, analyze their similarities and differences, and formulate relevance for Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with case studies and literature studies to gain a comprehensive understanding. The results of the analysis show that Russia emphasizes the centralization of command and offensive forces, the United States prioritizes multi-sectoral collaboration, while Israel stands out in innovation and civil-military synergy. The similarity of the three is that placing cyber strategic leadership as a national issue, not just a technical one. Its relevance for Indonesia is the need to build an integrated national cyber defense doctrine, based on national values, and involving all components of the nation. In conclusion, visionary, collaborative, and innovative strategic leadership will strengthen Indonesia's cyber defense, protect digital sovereignty, and support the realization of Golden Indonesia 2045.

Optimization of the Steering System to Improve the Maneuverability of the Barombong Training Ship

Sidrotul Muntaha — 2025-10-24

The operation of the steering system on a training ship often faces technical and operational obstacles that affect the vessel's maneuverability and navigational safety. This study aims to determine the impact of maneuvering risks that hinder the operation of the steering system on the Barombong Training Ship, as well as efforts for optimization of the steering system to improve the maneuverability of the Barombong Training Ship and navigational safety. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with an in-depth analysis of empirical data obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation on the Barombong Shipping Polytechnic Training Ship. The data were analyzed using the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method to determine problem priorities. The results of the study show that the ship’s steering system is vital for ensuring navigational safety and maneuverability. Routine inspection and maintenance of the steering system—including checks on hydraulic pressure, rudder components, steering gear, and hydraulic fluid—are essential to prevent system failures. Additionally, ship maneuvers must be conducted carefully, with proper adjustments to the vessel’s speed based on sea and weather conditions to avoid excessive strain on the steering system. Effective communication among crew members and maneuvering drills under varying conditions are also critical for responding to emergency situations. Proper load distribution and speed reduction under certain conditions further enhance steering performance. This study recommends regular inspections, adequate maintenance, and consistent training to improve crew competence in maintaining the operational safety and maneuverability of the Barombong Training Ship.

The Aestheticization of Saung: Sundanese Vernacular Space in Contemporary Traditional Restaurants, Bandung

Edwin Widia — 2025-10-17

This paper explores the aestheticization of the Saung, a traditional Sundanese hut, as a vernacular cultural object that has undergone transformation in the contemporary urban context of Bandung, Indonesia. Originally a functional agrarian dwelling, the Saung has been recontextualized in restaurants and public cultural events, where its meaning oscillates between tradition and modernity, symbolism and function. Drawing on phenomenology and Bourdieu’s practice theory, particularly cultural capital and symbolic negotiation, this study employs field observations and in-depth interviews to reveal lived experiences of waas (nostalgic memory), nineung (longing), and nyawang (contemplative gaze), which collectively shape the aesthetics of rarasaan. These affective and sensory dimensions position the Saung not only as architecture but also as an inter-collective space that mediates cultural identity, memory, and imagination. By situating the Saung within the Traditional–Modern and Symbolic–Functional quadrants, this paper demonstrates how processes of restructuring, reconstruction, deconstruction, and replication function as adaptive design strategies. The findings highlight the Saung as a site of cultural oscillation and a resilient vernacular form, offering insights into how vernacular settlements can endure and transform under conditions of globalization.

Factors Associated with Pulmonary Function Disorders Among Workers in the Printing Area of PT X

Rizqiana Fauziyyah — 2025-10-27

Lung function disorders are among the occupational health problems frequently experienced by workers in industries exposed to chemicals, dust, and vapors generated during production processes. The printing area represents a work environment with a high potential for exposure to chemicals such as organic solvents (toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde), fine particulates, and combustion gases. The purpose of this study, Factors Associated with Pulmonary Function Disorders Among Workers in the Printing Area of PT X, is to identify and analyze factors related to impaired lung function among workers in the printing area based on a literature review. The method used is a systematic literature review involving article searches in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases from 2013 to 2023. The synthesis results showed that work duration, exposure period, smoking habits, use of personal protective equipment, workspace ventilation, and concentrations of airborne chemicals were significantly associated with decreased pulmonary vital capacity (FVC) and first-second forced expiratory volume (FEV?). Continuous risk management efforts, including routine spirometry examinations, worker education, and ventilation engineering, are essential to reduce the risk of lung disorders in the printing industry.

The Effect of the Construction Contract System on the Quality of Contractors' Work in Road and Bridge Construction Projects in Mountainous Papua Province

Yompi Lani — 2025-10-10

The Lumpsum contract system with a Fix Price value with the financing system is Contractor's Full Prefinanced (CPF). This system will be implemented for owners to ease costs, considering that financing is charged to contractors 100%. and paid 30 days after the minutes of the PHO were signed by both parties, Rato (20018). One of the contract systems used in the contract for the purchase of a construction project is the Remeasure Contract (Unit Price). Bridge construction infrastructure is one of the land transportation infrastructure that has an important role in the distribution of goods and services as well as mobility for the community and other economic sectors. Therefore, bridge construction plays a very important role in economic growth in a region. From the above background, the author needs to re-analyze a construction project in the Mountainous Papua Province in terms of the quality of work of the contractor, the lumpsum contract system, and the unit price contract system in the bridge construction project. The results of this study are as follows: the effect of the Lumpsum contract system on the quality of contractors' work in road and bridge construction projects is GOOD. The effect of the Unit Price contract system on the quality of contractors' work in road and bridge construction projects is GOOD. There is no effect of the contract system on the quality of contractors' work on road and bridge construction projects in Papua Mountainous Province.

Factors Associated With Stunting Incidence Among Children Aged 0–59 Months In The Working Area Of Kilasah Public Health Center, Serang City, Indonesia, 2023

Sadya Bustomi — 2025-10-25

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children due to chronic malnutrition from the age of 0–59 months, which is marked by a nutritional status index (PB/U) or (TB/U) with a Z-Score of less than -2 SD, which results in a child's height not being according to his age. The working area of the Kilasah Health Center has been the LOKUS (Focus Location) of stunting until now because it still contributes to a fairly high number of cases. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in children aged 0–59 months in the work area of the Kilasah Health Center, Serang City, in 2023. The method used is an observational study with a case-control approach. The instruments used were questionnaires and observation sheets. The research sample consisted of two groups, namely the case group of 44 respondents and the control group of 44 respondents, which were taken by the purposive sampling technique. The results of the univariate test in the stunting toddler group showed that the mothers had poor knowledge of 84.1%, 88.6% did not exclusively breastfeed, 36.4% did not have healthy latrines, and 93.2% did not have clean water facilities that met the requirements. Bivariate analysis using Chi Square obtained the results that mother's knowledge (Pv = 0.000), exclusive breastfeeding (Pv = 0.000), healthy latrines (PV = 0.000), and clean water facilities (Pv = 0.0013) have a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-59 months. The suggestion from this research is that it is necessary to increase counseling with booklets/flip sheet regarding stunting and the importance of nutritious food for toddlers.

“Speech Delay” Phenomenon and Its Influencing Factors

Rosa Akhirunnisa — 2025-10-11

Speech delay is one of the developmental disorders that often occurs in early childhood. This phenomenon can have a significant impact on children's communication and social aspects. This study aims to analyze the causative factors, impacts, and effective intervention strategies in dealing with speech delay through a literature review approach. The method used involves searching and critically analyzing various relevant scientific sources. The results of the study show that environmental, biological, and psychosocial factors play a role in the occurrence of speech delay. Early intervention involving the active role of parents and professionals has been proven to be effective in overcoming speech delays in children.

The Relationship Between the Use of Short Form Vidoes on Social Media and the Attention Span of Students in the Class of 2022, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia

Siena Sanjana Dhillon — 2025-10-28

The rise of social media has popularized short-form videos (SFVs) like TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts among university students. Excessive exposure to SFV content may affect behavioral patterns, particularly attention span, which plays a vital role in academic performance. This study aimed to examine the patterns of SFV usage, assess students’ attention spans, and determine the relationship between SFV use and attention span among 2022 medical students at Universitas Prima Indonesia. Using a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach, data were collected through questionnaires from 200 respondents and analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of ? = 0.05, with the Chi-Square test yielding p < 0.05 as the criterion for significant associations. Results revealed that 85.5% of students had high SFV usage, primarily through TikTok (56.5%), with daily viewing exceeding 3 hours (65%) and weekly viewing exceeding 14 hours (53%). Lifestyle (62.5%) and entertainment (59%) were the most-watched content types. Attention span levels were classified as good (48%) and poor (52%), and statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between SFV usage and attention span (p = 0.000). The study recommends promoting digital literacy, time management, and responsible media consumption among students, alongside further research on SFV impacts on cognition and mental health.

The Pendok of the Surakarta Keris of Paku Buwono X: Art, Symbolism, and Social Status

Kuntadi Wasi Darmojo — 2025-10-17

The pendok of the keris is one of the essential components of keris material culture, especially during the reign of Paku Buwono X in Surakarta. As an integral part of the keris, the pendok not only serves as a protective cover for the gandar, but also carries a symbolic role representing the aesthetics, social status, and spiritual values of the Javanese nobility. The presence of the pendok reflects refined artistic taste and serves as part of the identity marker system within the social structure of the royal court society. This article employs a qualitative approach using literature study methods to analyze the role, function, and meaning of the pendok keris within the cultural context of the Surakarta royal court, particularly during the golden era of art and metal craftsmanship under the reign of Paku Buwono X. This study shows that the pendok keris is not merely understood as a visual ornament, but also as a medium of cultural communication rich in symbols, life philosophy, and the social identity of its owner within traditional Javanese society.

Analysis Of The Effect Of Compliance, Funding Decisions, And Foreign Ownership On Corporate Value Through Corporate Social Responsibility

Orlin Cicilia — 2025-10-10

corporate value becomes a reference for stakeholders and society towards a company, especially in seeing the compliance and concern of the company itself. This study aims to analyze the influence that occurs between compliance represented by good corporate governance, funding decisions, and foreign ownership on corporate value through corporate social responsibility. The sample companies that will be used in this research are companies classified as LQ 45 which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. Hypothesis testing in this study uses multiple regression analysis involving moderated variables (moderated regression analysis) which not only involves the independent variable and the dependent variable, but also involves the moderating variable. The result of this research is funding decision (X2) has influence to corporate value (Y) and funding decision (X2) moderated by CSR (Z) has influence to corporate value (Y).

Socio-Spiritual Capital Strategy of Street Vendors (PKL) in East Jakarta for Achieving Household Economic Resilience

Beti Nurbaiti — 2025-10-28

This study aims to analyze how street vendors practice socio-spiritual capital in their daily lives to achieve economic resilience in their households. Representative respondents/informants were 3 person street vendors in East Jakarta. This research approach was qualitative using in-depth interviews, field observations, and participatory approach. The findings and results of the study indicate that in addition to the social capital practiced in the daily lives of street vendors, there is another aspect, namely spirituality, which colors their spirit of survival. Street vendors share and help each other selflessly with a spirit of doing good, with the belief that making things easier and helping others will later produce the same thing in the future because it is reciprocal. This belief is concluded as socio-spiritual capital is a novelty that integrates social and spiritual dimensions which has not been extensively studied in the context of urban informal sector workers. The study reveals that this socio-spiritual capital has a significant impact on the economic resilience of street vendors' households in East Jakarta. Practically, these findings imply that street vendor empowerment policies should not only focus on spatial planning and economic aspects, but also strengthen spiritual values and social solidarity as the foundation of household economic resilience.