Indonesia's Maritime Defense Strategy in Light of Global Dynamics: Lessons Learned from the War in the Strait of Hormuz

Abstract

Global security dynamics in recent years have demonstrated that regional conflicts can generate far-reaching strategic impacts on global economic stability, energy security, and maritime security. One region with significant influence on the global system is the Strait of Hormuz, which serves as a major route for global oil and gas transportation. Rising tensions involving Iran, the United States, and Israel indicate that disruptions to maritime chokepoints could affect energy security, international trade, and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. This study aimed to analyze the strategic implications of conflict in the Strait of Hormuz for Indonesia and formulate relevant maritime defense strategies in response to evolving global strategic dynamics. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach through literature reviews, document analysis, and maritime strategy theory analysis. The analytical framework incorporated Alfred Thayer Mahan’s Sea Power theory, Geoffrey Till’s maritime strategy theory, Christian Bueger’s maritime security theory, and Arthur F. Lykke’s Ends–Ways–Means model. The findings indicated that Indonesia needed to develop a maritime defense strategy integrating Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), maritime force modernization, maritime diplomacy, national energy security, and Whole-of-Government and Whole-of-Nation approaches. The lessons from the Strait of Hormuz demonstrated that modern maritime defense is not limited to military capabilities but also encompasses economic, technological, diplomatic, and comprehensive national security dimensions.