P-ISSN: 2827-9832
E-ISSN: 2828-335x
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
883
ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN
MARATUA ISLAND, BERAU REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN
PROVINCE
Luki Adiati Pratomo, Yandi Rama Krisna
Faculty of Master of Management Sustainability, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia
Luki.adiati@trisakti.ac.id, yandi122012006051@std.trisakti.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Sustainable tourism based on marine tourism on maratua island, berau regency, east Kalimantan province,
Indonesia has challenges and perspectives from the side of tourists and tourists. PT. X and PT. Y was
chosen as the object of research because it has CHSE certification from the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism
and Creative Economy. The implementation of sustainable tourism has challenges in the accessibility sector
where the high price of airfares to berau districts. The ISO 26000 approach to the core subject environment
is the basis for tourism actors to carry out the concept of sustainable tourism. The relevance to the SDGs for
this research will focus on SDGs No. 8 on economic improvement and SDGs No. 14 on marine ecosystems.
Tourists who have visited PT. X and PT. Y 97% stated that they would return to maratua to re-enjoy the
beauty of maratua island. As many as 47% of tourists feel very satisfied with the services carried out by PT.
X and PT. Y.
Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Tourists, ISO 26000, SDGs No 8 & 14
This article is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
INTRODUCTION
According to Khan et al (2021), sustainable tourism is defined as a positive approach to
reducing tension and friction created by the complex interactions between the tourism industry,
visitors, the environment, and the communities that host tourists. The existence of the tourism
business turns out to have a direct impact on environmental management. In China, according
to (Wang & Huang, 2018), tourism actors continue to seek economic benefits but ignore
environmental management which results in damage to environmental resources. In addition,
Wang & Huang (2018) also conveyed the phenomenon of waste pollution with the behavior of
throwing garbage is not a positive behavior from tourists.
The tourism business is of course closely related to the hospitality business. According to
Burnett et al (2018), in their research entitled Sustainable Hospitality and Revisit Intention in
Tourism Service, it was concluded that: Hospitality is significantly influenced by the comfort
and empathy of tourist actors. Hospitality significantly affects satisfaction and satisfaction
affects travellers' intention to revisit. Hospitality will drive customer satisfaction.
PT X and PT Y are companies engaged in tourism and hospitality on Maratua Island. PT
X and PT Y are companies that currently have CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety and
Environment) certificates from the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy
(Kemenparekraf). As a company that is active in one of Indonesia's outer islands, namely
Maratua Island which is located in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province and is a beach
tourism location as well as being the frontline on the border between Indonesia and Malaysia,
it is hoped that it can help the government maintain state sovereignty by paying special
attention to the outer island area which is the main responsibility of the government and the
Indonesian people by creating and realizing the concept of sustainable tourism in the location.
Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Tourism in Maratua Island, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province
884 2, 3., February 2023
METHOD
This research uses a case study method Prihayati & Veriasa (2021) where this method
allows researchers to understand contextual conditions with in-depth analysis and compare the
conditions for implementing sustainable tourism between 2 research objects, namely PT. X and
PT.Y. Meanwhile, to see the perception of tourists, a questionnaire method with descriptive
statistical analysis is used. This study will use 5 variables, namely; Hotel Management's
Perception (Internal and External Factors) towards sustainable tourism, ISO 26000 Core
Subject Environment, SDGs No 8 & 14, Tourist Satisfaction and Percentage of Return to Visit
PT X and PT Y.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Challenges of Sustainable Tourism for Tourists
You know, Lho et al (2022) argues that accessibility is an important part of positive
economic influence, this has a positive correlation to the challenges faced by PT. X and PT. Y
PT. X stated that the biggest challenge in the sustainable tourism business on the outer island
is the Berau-Balikpapan ticket price and or vice versa which reaches Rp.1.6 million. This value
reaches 1-2 times when compared to the price of Balikpapan-Jakarta flight tickets (1 million -
1.4 million) or Balikpapan-Surabaya flight tickets (700-900 thousand). You know, Lho et al
(2022) in the research conducted expressed the opinion of tourists that easy transportation
access will increase tourists' interest in going to tourist locations. With the high ticket price,
PT. X must adjust by prioritizing excellence and promos to potential tourists. In addition, for
PT. X challenges to unpredictable extreme weather are also things that need to be addressed.
PT. X uses a technological approach such as the "Windy" application that displays weather
forecast updates around tourist sites. The weather update became a reference for the PT. X to
convey to prospective tourists who want to visit Maratua Island.
Meanwhile, according to PT. Y the biggest challenge in the development of sustainable
tourism is the human resource capacity of employees working in PT. Y said. Employees, most
of whom are people domiciled on Maratua Island, have less enthusiasm and motivation in
absorbing new knowledge or information related to increasing tourism. English language
learning programs have been sought to be carried out especially if there are tourists in the group
such as welcome, self-introduction, general briefings on tourist information.
Internal Factors for the Implementation of Sustainable Tourism for Tourism Actors
Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Tourism in Maratua Island, Berau Regency, East
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The application of sustainable tourism also depends on how the management concept is
applied by company management. These factors are called internal factors. The dimensions of
these factors include building capacity, management policies, SOPs, CHSE certification, SOP
monitoring and evaluation, eco-friendly programs. KONTOGEORGIS et al (2022), stated that
the completeness of accommodation such as the number of rooms, supporting facilities is a
consideration for tourists to choose a hotel. PT. X and PT. Y, has quite complete
accommodation facilities. Number of rooms and facilities of PT. X less than PT. Y, but rate-
wise the price of PT. X is more economical.
According to Talib et al (2022), the operational hotel will directly produce considerable
waste. PT. X and PT. Y control the amount and treatment of waste to minimize the potential
for environmental pollution from room activities. Both hotels built rooms not above the sea but
on the coastal land sis. The standard facilities owned by the two hotels are; a pier, resort beach,
dive centre and hall. Meanwhile, PT. Y has a freshwater swimming pool. Halls are used for
meetings or events of hotel guests the capacity of each hall reaches 200 people.
In carrying out operations, both resorts have Standard Operational Procedures (SOPs).
SOPs include housekeeping activities, food supply and minimum in restaurants, and diving.
Both resorts did not wish for their SOPs to be documented. PT. X stores its SOPs in the form
of soft file pocketbooks with limited access. Meanwhile, PT. Y saves his SOP on google drive
with limited access as well. The soft file method carried out is an effort of PT. X and PT. Y to
minimize the use of paper. Even if the printout process is carried out from the SOP, they use
ReUse paper.
External Factors for the Implementation of Sustainable Tourism for Tourism Actors
In addition to internal factors, external factors are also very influential on the operation of
implementing sustainable tourism. There are 2 main indicators in the external factors studied,
namely, how the impact on education to tourists and how resorts are trying to maintain
harmonious relations with relevant stakeholders.
KONTOGEORGIS et al (2022), explained that there is disharmonious behavior between
the government in the Meditarian area and tourist actors, where the control function of
environmental management is not running, thus impacting environmental sustainability on the
island. Meanwhile, on Maratua Island, the role of the government as a key stakeholder is very
closely influential in creating sustainable environmental management. Through policies,
permits and structured supervision, tourism actors make maximum efforts to manage the
environment. One of the things that is done is to conduct an environmental management
campaign to tourists.
PT. X educates tourists in almost every operational activity of the company. The education
carried out includes; Maintaining coral reefs by not trampling or damaging them, invitations to
save electricity and water, and not being allowed to fish around the resort. Meanwhile, PT. Y
is only in the context of the prohibition of littering and saving electricity and water.
PT. X and PT. Y also cooperates and efforts to maintain the harmonization of stakeholders.
The stakeholders of these two resorts include; police, TNI, sub-district apparatus, NGOs, non-
governmental organizations, dance studios, and MSMEs around Maratua island. Both resorts
are actively involved in programs or events carried out by the sub-district, including; village
Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Tourism in Maratua Island, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province
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mutual aid, beach cleaning, greening, events commemorating big days, and several other social
activities.
Management's Perception of the Implementation of Sustainable Tourism for Tourism
Actors
Management's perception of sustainable tourism will affect the company's strategic plans to
be able to implement sustainable tourism management governance from economic, social and
environmental aspects.
According to Talib et al (2022), the International Facilities Management Associations
(IFMA) as a commitment to hospitality in a sustainable business consisting of hierarchical
aspects in hospitality organizations, namely, policy strategies (Top Level), awareness
improvement plans (Mid-Level) and implementation to make continuous improvements. The
perception of hotel management strongly determines the direction of the implementation of
sustainable tourism in the hotel.
PT. X has an understanding and perception of sustainable tourism which is the company's
effort to run a tourism business continuously and pay attention to the environment. Economic,
social and environmental proximity is translated as the company's efforts to be able to increase
the number of visitors by displaying the values of environmental sustainability, empowerment
of local communities. PT. X is currently still supported by management as a family business
that also has a coal mining service business. So the target to get a large profit margin has not
been a priority.
Meanwhile, PT. Y which is also a family business where there are other businesses in other
locations such as hospitality makes Maratua a family priority business. Thus, focusing on
marketing to bring in tourists is the main activity of the company. PT. Y also has a commitment
to as much as possible to maintain the tropical environment around the resort.
The Relevance of Tourism Actors' Behavior to ISO 26000 Core Subject Environment
In the 6th ISO 26000 Core Subject on the environment, there are 5 sub-clauses that have
relevance to the behavior of tourism actors in applying the concept of sustainable tourism. Sub-
clause 6.5.1 describes the obligation of tourist actors to have environmental permits in their
operations. PT. X and PT. Y has complete licenses to run its operations including;
Environmental permits, UKL UPL, Building permits on the sea, and IMB for buildings in land
areas.
Meanwhile, in sub-clause 6.5.3, companies are required to be able to carry out efforts to
control water pollution in coastal and marine areas. PT. X has activities that have the potential
for environmental pollution in the form of restaurants that stand on the sea. Sources of
pollutants include washing activities in the kitchen and toilet areas. To prevent pollution of the
PT. X made several processing controls, namely in the form of Grease Traps and Biofilters. As
for solid waste in the form of plastic bottles which is currently a global issue because it causes
the death of several marine animals that were found dead with stomach contents in the form of
plastic, the company applies zero plastic bottles where in each room gallons of refillable
drinking water are provided and or the provision of tumblers or drinking bottles for tourists can
refill drinking water independently.
Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Tourism in Maratua Island, Berau Regency, East
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In sub clause 6.5.4, it regulates how the company attempts to be able to use renewable
natural resources. PT. X and PT. Y reuse rainwater with a rainwater storage system. Rainwater
storage capacity at PT. X reaches 62,400 liters and PT. Y by 52,000 liters. Before being used,
the two resorts drained rainwater through rainwater treatment using a fast sand filter system so
that the water used was suitable for clean water. In addition, periodically the rainwater that is
reused is taken water samples to check the quality of clean water in certified laboratories. In
addition to this, PT. X also uses lighting using a solar panel system. For sub clause 6.5.6
governing the protection of ecosystems, both companies have coral reef transplantation
programs.
Relevance of Tourism Actors' Behavior to SDGs No. 8 (Economic Improvement) & SDGs
No. 14 (Marine Ecosystems)
In SDGs No.8 for economic improvement, PT. X and PT. Y applies the concept of
community empowerment to company operations. Both companies employ local workers in
the context of Maratua District ID cards. As for the number of local workers of PT. X as many
as 27 people out of 32 workers or 84% of the total workforce. Meanwhile, PT. Y employs a
local workforce of 19 people out of a total of 24 workers or 79% of the total workforce. Efforts
to increase labor capacity are also carried out by management, including; English language
courses, tour guide training, housekeeping governance, occupational safety and health (K3)
systems, and environmental management in the form of organic waste processing.
In addition to the absorption of local labor, both companies contribute greatly to moving the
wheels of the community's economy, through the optimization of local spending. The maratua
community, the majority of whom work as fishermen, get market certainty from the operation
of restaurants and hotels in both companies. One of the favorite commodities absorbed by the
company is sea fish and lobster. The competitive price of lobster (reaching Rp.500.000,- per
kg) makes fishermen compete to provide lobsters for the company.
The company also opens up economic opportunities in the arts sector as well as an effort to
preserve local culture, namely the Daling Dance which is a typical dance of the Bajau Tribe on
Maratua Island. This Daling dance is usually performed during the welcoming of tourists or
government officials. In addition, local MSME products in the form of snacks such as chips,
fish amplang, shrimp paste are also a choice of company souvenirs that can be purchased by
tourists.
As for SDGs No. 14 on marine ecosystems, as explained in the previous sub-chapter, both
companies are focusing on coral reef transplantation programs.
Tourist Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Tourism
Tourist Satisfaction with Environmental Management
Based on the results of a questionnaire to travellers about satisfaction with environmental
management, 50% of travelers said they were very satisfied, 33% said they were very satisfied
and 15% said they were satisfied. This can be seen from the opinions of tourists regarding the
existence of trash cans that have been separated between organic and inorganic waste, not using
bottled plastic bottles for drinking water, maintaining trees and biota around the resort,
cleanliness of the resort, the existence of garbage cleaning activities every morning, and the
preservation of coral reefs around the resort.
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Level of Tourist Satisfaction with Resort Services
Tourists' perception of resort waiters is that 48% are very satisfied, 37% are very satisfied
and 13% are satisfied. Tourists argue that the resort staff is friendly, quick response,
communicative, cheap smile and warm to tourists, good security and quality of service like in
a 5 star hotel. Tourists also provide feedback so that cellphone signal boosters are held so that
they can stay connected to tourists' social media. Meanwhile, 2% of tourists are dissatisfied,
because in PT. Y no nightlife.
Level of Tourist Satisfaction with the Ease of Transportation to Tourist Locations
Maratua Island, which is one of the outer islands in Indonesia, has 2 accesses to the tourist
location, namely using planes and water transportation (Speedboat). The tourist respondents in
this study all used water transportation access to pt. X and PT.Y. 48% of tourists were very
satisfied, 28% said they were very satisfied and 11% said they were satisfied with the ease of
transportation to the locations of the two resorts.
Level of Tourist Satisfaction with Resort Infrastructure
PT. X and PT. Y has built a good infrastructure with the output of satisfaction from visiting
tourists. From the results of the questionnaire collected by researchers, 48% of tourists felt very
satisfied, 39% were very satisfied, 9% were satisfied with the infrastructure in the two resorts.
Tourists think the view from the resort is very beautiful, the cleanliness and neatness of the
rooms are maintained, have a private beach so that tourists feel exclusive when swimming
around the beach, and there are restaurants that when eating can directly enjoy the view of the
sea and the biota around it.
Meanwhile, 4% of tourists are dissatisfied because there is no nightlife on site and the
internet network signal is not good. Tourists also provide feedback on the management of resort
infrastructure such as; room paint updates that look fading, docks that need to be renovated,
room locations away from the beach, the electricity that often goes out, there are no designated
smoking areas, and prices that should be more affordable.
The level of satisfaction of tourists with the food and drinks served
Food and drinks served by PT. X and PT. Y is one of the attractions for tourists to come to
the resort. In general, all traveler respondents were very satisfied (46%), very satisfied (41%),
and satisfied (13%). Some of the positive feedback submitted by tourists include; There needs
to be a variety of menus every day, breakfast menus that are still standing and better the resort
also provides local specialties.
Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Tourism in Maratua Island, Berau Regency, East
Kalimantan Province
889 2, 3., February 2023
Figure 2. Level of Tourist Satisfaction with Sustainable Tourism on Maratua Island
Traveller Return Arrivals Percentage Rate
As many as 72% of tourists are eager to visit PT. X and PT. Y, 22% felt very willing, 2%
wanted, 2% did not want to and 2% strongly did not want. The reasons for tourists who want
to come back from these two locations include; exclusivity of the inn, very beautiful natural
scenery, power on the island, beauty when diving and snorkling, environmental management
carried out by resorts and complete infrastructure.
98% of travelers said they were willing to make recommendations to visit and promote both
resorts.
CONCLUSION
The conclusions of this study on the implementation of sustainable tourism are:
The implementation of sustainable tourism is seen from the perception of hotel
management for internal and external factors in PT. X has been very well done, starting from
management policies, implementation in the environmental management sector, company
SOPs, and education for tourists. As for PT. Y is good enough and needs to be improved for
management efforts in conducting environmental management education to tourists. The
biggest challenges of implementing sustainable tourism faced by both resorts are expensive
transportation costs and poor internet networks in tourist locations. Efforts to be made by
displaying the added value of tourism programs in terms of coral reef protection and
conservation that can segment tourists who focus on coastal and marine management.
The suitability of the implementation of sustainable tourism in the two hotels uses the ISO
26000 Core Subject Environment approach, which meets all the required sub-clauses ranging
from the aspects of licensing, environmental pollution control programs, coral reef protection
programs, water conservation and environmental programs for the surrounding community.
Meanwhile, based on SDGs No. 08 on improving the economy, the two resorts have actively
involved local communities and carried out local shopping which is positively correlated to
the main livelihood of the community by buying fishery products that local communities
produce. For SDGs No. 14 concerning Marine Ecosystems, the two resorts play an active role
in carrying out coral reef transportation efforts in order to preserve the coral reefs around the
resort area. The level of tourist satisfaction with the implementation of sustainable tourism in
7%
2% 2%
11%
4%
0%
15%
13%
11%
9%
13%
33% 37%
28%
39%
41%
50%
48%
43%
48%
46%
Lingkungan Pelayanan Transport Sarpras Food
Sangat Tidak Puas Tidak Puas Puas Sangat Puas Sangat Puas Sekali
Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Tourism in Maratua Island, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province
890 2, 3., February 2023
the two hotels from the aspects of environmental management, infrastructure, food and
beverages, transportation and hotel management services is 1% very dissatisfied, 4%
dissatisfied, 12% satisfied, 36% very satisfied and 47% very satisfied. The percentage of
tourist return visits at the two hotels reached 96%.
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