P-ISSN: 2827-9832
E-ISSN: 2828-335x
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
646
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF
SUSTAINABLE DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANTS
Imtiyaz Olaf Jatmy, Katharina Oginawati
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology
imtiyazolafjatmy@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The West Java Provincial Government has inaugurated a community-based sanitation program in 18
Bandung Regencies. Especially in the Citarum watershed, domestic waste contributes 68% to river
pollution and has water quality status over the past 10 years, showing 54% heavily polluted, 23%
moderately polluted, 20% lightly polluted and only 3% meeting quality standards. Efforts to improve
domestic wastewater pollution control require the selection of technology that is influenced by many factors,
so a theoretical and practical approach that pays attention to sustainability aspects is needed. Neglasari
Village, Banjaran District, Sayati village, Margahayu District, and Cipaku village, Paseh District, are
Kcamatan in Bandung Regency who have run the Sanimas program that has not met the muku standards, so
it is necessary to improve the performance of the Sanimas wastewater treatment plant that is sustainable.
From location of the Sanimas wastewater treatment plant spread from the upper reaches of the river, the
location of the Sanimas wastewater treatment plant is in a densely populated area and sanitation-prone area,
also has the need to deal with sanitation problems. This research was conducted using the SWOT method. A
SWOT analysis is performed to obtain recommendations for priority strategies.
Keywords: Wastewater Treatment Plants, Sustainability, Sanimas, SWOT
This article is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia's rapid population growth, especially in urban areas, has a serious impact on
reducing the carrying capacity of the environment (Prihatin, 2015). These impacts must be
addressed appropriately, especially in wastewater management. Domestic wastewater disposal
has a very big impact on the environment, wastewater disposal without going through the
treatment process will result in environmental pollution of raw water sources for drinking
water, both surface water and groundwater (Yudo & Said, 2017). The achievement of access
to proper sanitation in Indonesia in 2020 was 79.53% (Mayasari et al., 2022). This is harmful
to the environment and public health because many people still use groundwater as a source of
clean water for washing and cooking needs. River pollution in urban areas, more than 60%
comes from domestic activities, among others, because the local WWTP system that dominates
residential areas has not been effective in meeting effluent quality standards (Chahyadi, 2007).
Domestic wastewater infrastructure, especially on a communal scale or residential scale, has
been built with various treatment systems, but some have not met the quality standards of the
Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation no.68 of 2016 (Hasbiah, 2021). This can
result in pollution and a decrease in the quality of the residential environment. In addition, the
generation of sludge or biosolids from the degradation of organic matter from the WWTP has
not been managed regularly, causing processing performance to decrease and safe access has
not been achieved (Islam et al., 2021).
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
647 2, 3., February 2023
The development of the Sanimas WWTP system has begun to be carried out in stages
since the enactment of the LHK effluent quality standard no.68 of 2016 and a sustainability
study is needed (PANGESTU, 2021). The WWTP system, which was built before the
enactment of the quality standard, requires efforts to improve performance according to
variations in processing units (Standard, 2017). The West Java Provincial Government has
inaugurated this Sanimas program in 18 Bandung Regencies. Neglasari Village, Banjaran
District, Sayati Village, Margahayu District, and Cipaku Village, Paseh District, are
Kcamatan in Bandung Regency that have run the Sanimas program. Improving the
performance of domestic wastewater treatment plants with the application of additional
technology is one of the efforts to manage the wastewater that has a positive impact when
accompanied by the right strategy (Kusumastuti, 2008). In this study, an appropriate strategy
will be defined for sustainable domestic wastewater management. Analysis of domestic
wastewater performance strategies is studied based on technical aspects, economic aspects,
community participation aspects, institutional aspects, and environmental aspects (Kurniawan,
2013).
HYPOTHESIS
The hypothesis of this study is that the improvement of the performance of Sanimas
WWTP in Neglasari village, Banjaran District, Sayati village, Margahayu District and Cipaku
village, Paseh District, is influenced by technical aspects, economic aspects, community
participation aspects, institutional aspects, and environmental aspects.
DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA
The study areas in this study are Neglasari Village, Banjaran District, Sayati Village,
Margahayu District, and Cipaku Village, Paseh District. The location and existing condition of
the Sanimas WWTP infrastructure in Neglasari Village, Banjaran District, Sayati Village,
Margahayu District, and Cipaku Village, Paseh District, are shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, and
Figure 3 below:
Figure 1. Building Sanimas Neglasari Village, Banjaran District
WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village was built in 2018 and officially operated in 2019.
WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village is located in Citeureup Village, Neglasari Village, Banjaran
District, Bandung Regency. The land status of WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village is a grant
from residents with an area of 45 m 2, while the building area is about 33 m
2
. The distance of
WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village to the river body is as far as 5 m, while the nearest
settlement is as far as 10 m. WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village was built with state budget
funds by the West Java Provincial Settlement Infrastructure Center. The handover of assets and
management of WWTP Sanimas has been handed over from BPPW West Java to the village.
Currently, WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village serves 70 heads of families or 300 people.
WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village uses an anaerobic biofilter processing system with media
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
648 2, 3., February 2023
that its use comes from used bottle packaging. WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village is managed
by 1 active KPP manager who is in charge of maintaining WWTP, checking every tub in
WWTP, cleaning up dirt that causes clogged processing units and checking the tubs around the
house connection.
Figure 2. Building Sanimas Sayati Village, Margahayu District
WWTP Sanimas Sayati Village was built in November 2020 and began operating in 2021.
WWTP S animas Sayati Village was built on grant land owned by residents and cultivated 22
heads of families. WWTP Sanimas treats greywater and blackwater wastewater. Sayati
Village uses an anaerobic-aerobic biofilter treatment system. The problems that occur in
WWTP Sanimas Sayati Village include social problems because there are pros and cons
related to WWTP acceptance, some people do not want to install grease traps, there is still a
lot of waste entering WWTP and there is no handover from KSM to KPP. Meanwhile, from
the technical aspect, the problem with the Sayati Village WWTP is that the outlet is clogged
and during the rainy season, the water flow from WWTP returns to WWTP because the river
flow is getting faster.
Figure 3. Building Sanimas Cipaku Village, Paseh District
MCK and WWTP Sanimas Cipaku Village were built in 2016 with anaerobic baffed
reactor technology. The number of MCK and WWTP users in Cipaku Village is 20 heads of
families. WWTP Cipaku Village treats gray water and black water waste.
In the physical condition of MCK and WWTP Sanimas Cipaku Village, there is damage
to pipes, ceramics, walls, and manhole lids. The water flow in the WWTP treatment unit also
does not run lancer. The problems that occur in WWTP Cipaku Village include, there is still
a lot of waste entering WWTP, the height of the mud has been more than 1/3 of the
compartment, the location of WWTP is not accessible to fecal trucks, KPP needs a slurry pump
and the community has difficulty paying regular dues.
Of the three okasi WWTP Sanimas is in the category range of Villages to Big Cities, so
the domestic clean water needs are in the range of 60 liters/person / day-120 liters/person per
day. The use of clean water for the three WWTP Sanimas that are surveyed is in the range of
60 liters/person/day - 120 liters/person/day.
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
649 2, 3., February 2023
SANIMAS WWTP PERFORMANCE
Based on the results of survei kethree WWTP Sanimas from upstream river Table 1.
describes the system and performance of the processing plant applied to WWTP Sanimas.
Table 1. Sanimas WWTP Performance
No
Parameters
Existing Conditions
Neglasari
Village
Sayati
Village
Cipaku
Village
1
Types of
processing systems
Anaerobic
Biofilter
Biofilter
Anaerobic -
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Baffled Reactor
2
The volume of
processing units
90 m³
50 m³
60 m³
3
Organic load
(kg BOD 5/m³ day)
6,2
16,8
19,73
4
Detention time
(Clock)
32
2
8
Source: Balai Prasarana Permukiman Daerah Jawa Barat, 2020
QUALITY OF EFFLUENT AND INFLUEN WWTP SANIMAS
The results of laboratory tests shows that in Neglasari village, the BOD value is higher
than the COD value. In theory, Samudro Ganjar, 2010 stated that the BOD/COD ratio should
be equal to or less than 1.0. According to Nur Fauzia Dinny, 2021 is indicated that one of the
causes of inaccurate test quality results is homogeneous samples because the requirements that
must be met by a sample to be used in the water testing process are that the sample must be
homogeneous. In addition, the factor that influences the BOD value is higher than the COD
value, namely that the temperature is controlled with the temperature without control, the
reduction in the COD value is more dominant because the decomposing bacteria are more
optimal in decomposing the substrate according to Salmin, 2000. More clearly can be seen in
Table 2 shows the results of sampling and testing the quality of effluent and influenza to the
three Sanimas WWTP surveyed.
Table 2. Quality of Efluen and Influen WWTP
No
Quality
Standards
Existing Conditions
L1
L2
L3
Influent Quality Testing
1
Turbid
Liquid
Turbid
Liquid
Turbid
Liquid
2
6,47
6,97
6,89
3
195
433
245
4
200
300
148
5
> 20
> 10
> 20
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
650 2, 3., February 2023
No
Quality
Standards
Existing Conditions
L1
L2
L3
6
248
127
198
7
12
>1.41
32
8
>20,000,000
40
31.000
Effluent Quality Testing
1
Turbid
Liquid
Turbid
Liquid
Turbid
Liquid
2
6-9
7,03
6,99
8,07
3
100
57
186*
131.18*
4
30
90*
100*
49.13*
5
10
> 20*
> 10*
78.5*
6
30
45*
42*
50*
7
5
2
8*
3
8
3000
4,300,000*
3,500,000*
1,360,000*
*) Groaning: Parameter exceeds the quality standard of PERMEN LHK No. 68 of 2016
Source: DLH Bandung Regency Laboratory Test Results
Information:
L1 = Sanimas Neglasari, Bandung Regency
L2 = Sanimas Sayati, Bandung Regency
L3 = Sanimas Cipaku, Bandung Regency
METHOD
The methodology in this study is to conduct literature studies, take secondary data and
primary data, data processing, results, and conclusions (Jamil et al., 2020). The scope of the
research area in the area of Bandung Regency in 3 (three) villages include Neglasari Village,
Sayati Village and Cipaku Village which were built by Sanimas facilities. The scheme of the
research methodology can be seen in Figure 4.
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
651 2, 3., February 2023
Figure 4. Research Flowchart
This study is intended to determine the variables that affect the sustainability of the use of
sanimas infrastructure in Neglasari Village, Sayati Village, and Cipaku Village, Bandung
Regency, to find out the indicators that have the highest contribution to explain each of the
variables in this study and to develop a strategy what can be developed in an effort to continue
the utilization of sanimas infrastructure in Neglasari Village, Sayati Village and Cipaku
Village, Bandung Regency. First, the researcher identifies the problems that will be discussed
in this study and then formulates the research objectives,and conducts field observations to find
out the existing conditions of the research object. Furthermore, look for literature studies
related to the research to be carried out and determine variables that will be used as indicators
of the sustainability of the use of sanimas infrastructure.
DATA COLLECTION
In this study, the sampling technique used was cluster sampling (Retnawati, 2017). The
required sample size is calculated using the Yamane equation where the Yamane equation is
as follows.
n = Sample size
N =Population size
e = Margin of error
Based on data obtained by the number of heads of family in Neglasari Village, there are
120 heads of families, Sayati Village, is 134 heads of families and Cipaku Village is 176 heads
of families. So that based on the calculation of the Yamane formula, the number of samples
from Neglasari Village, Sayati Village, and Cipaku Village, Bandung Regency was 82 heads
of families.
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
652 2, 3., February 2023
DATA PROCESSING
Data collection consists of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis (Alfatiyah, 2017).
Qualitative analysis is used to find out the environment of the company such as the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the company and the SWOT matrix (Shobirin &
Ali, 2019). Quantitative analysis is used on IFAS matrices, EFAS matrices, and SWOT
Quadrant matrices. The quantitative data is processed using Microsoft Excel.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Analysis of Existing Conditions of Sanitation Management
Analysis of the existing condition of sanitation at the research site is needed to get an idea
of the existing condition of the system used by the community and identify a problem that is
still found at the research site related to the condition of sanitation management. The analysis
of the existing sanitation conditions in this study includes the condition of domestic wastewater
management and the condition of clean water facilities and infrastructure. The condition of
domestic wastewater management and the condition of clean water infrastructure and facilities
are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Figure 5. Graph of the condition of wastewater facilities
Figure 6. Graph of the condition of clean water facilities and infrastructure
IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SANIMAS
WWTP SYSTEM
Based on the environmental conditions around the WWTP and according to the 2021
S animas Technical Guidelines issued by the Directorate of Sanitation of the Ministry of Public
Works and Housing Rakyat, the Sanimas WWTP is designed to serve a minimum of 70 heads
of families, while for MCK and WWTP Sanimas is designed to serve a minimum of 25 heads
of families. Of the three locations of WWTP Sanimas which are surveyed from the upper
reaches of the Citarum river basin, WWTP Sanimas Cipaku Village has users who are less than
the design criteria. This can be caused because the MCK and WWTP Sanimas of Cipaku
Village was built in 2016 and the Sanimas WWTP of Sayati Village was built in 2020 currently
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
653 2, 3., February 2023
there are fewer users because the surrounding community already has their own toilets at home.
Meanwhile, another WWTP Sanimas, namely the Neglasari Village WWTP, has met the
design criteria for WWTP Sanimas users. The next design criteria for WWTP Sanimas is the
type of wastewater treated by WWTP Sanimas is expected to treat mixed wastewater, black
water, and gray water.
The third benefit of the S animas WWTP that is surveyed is a Low Income Community
(MBR) then which will be used as a selected location according to the 2021 S animas Technical
Guidelines issued by the Directorate of Sanitation of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing
Rakyat one location and surrounding environmental conditions, namely, Sanimas WWTP in
the village Neglasari Banjaran District, Bandung Regency.
SWOT ANALYSIS
The SWOT analysis for the sustainability of Sanimas infrastructure utilization in Neglasari
village can be seen in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6 below.
Table 3. IFAS (Internal Factor Strategies) - Strengths
No
Strategic Factors
Weight
Twig
Value
1
Sufficient technical personnel ability
0,138
3,6
0,495
2
There are already managers who have
participated in training to improve their
knowledge of sanitation
0,141
3,7
0,521
3
The presence of personnel who have
expertise in dealing with damage in the
field
0,128
3,5
0,446
4
The selected technology is in
accordance with the ability to manage in
maintenance and repair
0,148
3,6
0,532
5
The selected technology is one that is
easy and inexpensive in operation and
maintenance
0,148
3,8
0,561
6
There is a willingness of managers to
play an active role
0,154
3,7
0,571
7
Society is involved in the selection of
technology
0,144
3,5
0,505
Total
3,632
Table 4. IFAS (Internal Factor Strategies) - Weaknesses
No
Strategic Factors
Weight
Twig
Value
1
Managers lack the ability to manage
finances
0,167
2,2
0,368
2
Performance reporting and financial
management are not yet running
0,167
2,5
0,418
3
The community has not been orderly in
paying dues
0,171
2,1
0,360
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
654 2, 3., February 2023
No
Strategic Factors
Weight
Twig
Value
4
Operating and repair costs have not fully
derived from dues
0,160
2,4
0,383
5
Lack of financial benefit from the
management of WWTP
0,163
2,6
0,425
6
Absence of periodic manager
replacements
0,171
2,5
0,428
Total
2,382
Table 5. EFAS (External Factor Strategies) - Opportunities
No
Strategic Factors
Weight
Twig
Value
1
High community participation in the
planning stage
0,141
3,7
0,520
2
High community participation in the
development stage
0,150
3,9
0,584
3
High community participation in the
operation and maintenance stages
0,147
3,7
0,543
4
Wastewater management has influenced
the improvement of the quality of public
health
0,138
3,6
0,495
5
Changes in the environment to be clean
and healthy
0,147
3,7
0,543
6
There is public awareness not to dispose
of wastewater carelessly
0,138
3,8
0,523
7
Increased public knowledge about clean
and healthy living behaviors
0,141
3,9
0,549
Total
3,758
Table 6. EFAS (External Factor Strategies) - Threats
No
Strategic Factors
Weight
Twig
Value
1
Lack of public willingness to pay dues
0,163
3,3
0,537
2
Sanimas infrastructure development has
not been fully developed based on
community demand
0,171
2,5
0,426
3
Public trust in Sanimas managers is not
good
0,163
2,8
0,456
4
Community income in MBR areas does
not fully support the sustainability of
Sanimas
0,163
2,4
0,391
5
Lack of training assistance for managers
from local governments
0,167
3,1
0,517
6
Lack of private funding for sanimas
infrastructure development
0,174
2,4
0,419
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
655 2, 3., February 2023
No
Strategic Factors
Weight
Twig
Value
Total
2,745
Based on the results of the SWOT scoring, the following scores were obtained:
a. IFAS
• The strength score (S) is 3,632
• The weakness score (W) is 2,382
• The X-axis is strength - weakness = 3.632 - 2.382 = 1.250
b. EFAS
• The odds score (O) is 3,758
• The threat score (T) is 2,745
• The Y-axis is the odds - threat = 3.758 - 2.745 = 1.013
From the results of the SWOT analysis, to improve the sustainability of the use of Sanimas
infrastructure in Neglasari village, Banjaran District, alternative I can be used, namely
development (aggressive strategy), with Stable Growth Strategy, which is a stable growth
strategy where development is carried out gradually and targets are adjusted to existing
conditions. The SWOT diagram can be seen in Figure 7.
Figure 7. SWOT diagram
SANIMAS WWTP DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Technical Aspects
The results of the effluent quality test of the Sanimas WWTP in Neglasari village still do
not meet the quality standards for wastewater effluent quality which refers to the Minister of
Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 68 of 2016, parameters that still do not meet the
quality standards include TSS, BOD, and Ammonia. For this reason, with the strategy of
improving the performance of sustainable wastewater treatment plants, the right technology
can be selected and applied to reduce the burden of pollutants so that the quality standards of
wastewater effluent can be met. However, in addition to not meeting the quality standards for
wastewater effluent, the following are the problems found in the Neglasari Village WWTP:
1. Partially cracked and destroyed biofilter media
2. Need a local sludge treatment facility because fecal sludge trucks have difficulty
accessing the site
3. Biofilter media (plastic bottle) quickly regas
4. No cleaning tools and slurry pumps are yet available
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
656 2, 3., February 2023
Seeing the problems that occur in the Sanimas WWTP in Neglasari village, the necessary
technology development plans in the Sanimas WWTP in Neglasari village include:
1. Biofilter media replacement
The biofilter media used in this study used biofilter media derived from used plastic bottle
packaging. This media is seen from the level of resistance of the biofilter media cracked and
destroyed, so the need for media replacement can be seen in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Existing Biofilter Media from Packaging Bottles
According to Dorji et al., 2021 media biofilter of used plastic bottle packaging is able to
reduce BOD levels by up to 89%, According to Al-Hafedh et al (2003). Media Biofilter used
plastic bottle packaging is able to reduce ammonia levels by up to 29.37%. To find out the
effluent value that comes out using the packaging media of used plastic bottle packaging can
be seen in Table 7:
Table 7. Calculation of biofilter of used plastic bottle packaging media
Parameters
Effluent
value
% Removal
Exodus
Quality
Standards
PERMEN 68
of 2016
BOD
90 mg/l
89%
9.63 mg/l
30 mg/l
Ammonia
21 mg/l
29,37%
14.83 mg/l
10 mg/l
From the results of the biofilter calculation using used plastic bottle packaging media, the
BOD value is 9.63 mg / l, which means that it has met the quality standard value, while the
ammonia value is still above the quality standard, which is 14.83 mg / l so that additional
technology is needed.
2. Addition of a disinfectant system
Zat chemistry commonly used in chemical processing processes is with a disinfection
system. The disinfection system that will be implemented in the Sanimas WWTP of Neglasari
village, namely chlorine, can be seen in Figure 9.
Figure 9. Chlorine Disinfection
System
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
657 2, 3., February 2023
According to Li & Zhang (2012), disinfection using chlorine is able to reduce total
coliform by up to 99.94%, disinfection using chlorine pH 6.5-8 with a retention time of at least
5 minutes. To find out the effluent value that comes out after the addition of chlorine
disinfection can be seen in Table 8.
Table 8 Results of calculation of total coliform decrease
Parameters
Effluent value
%Removal
Exodus
Quality
Standards
PERMEN 68 of
2016
Total
Coliform
4,300,000
amount/100ml
99,94%
2,580
amount/100ml
3000
amount/100ml
From the results of disinfection calculations using chlorine, the total value of coliform is
2,580 mg / l, which means that it has met the quality standard value.
3. Sub-Surface Constructed Wetland
The planned WWTP unit is the Constructed wetland unit. According to B. Li et al.,
(2012) Constructed Wetland is able to reduce TSS levels by up to 88% and ammonia levels by
45%. To find out the value of the outgoing effluent can be seen in Table 9.
Table 9. The result of the calculation of the decrease in TSS and Ammonia
Parameters
Effluent
value
%
Removal
Exodus
Quality
Standards
PERMEN 68
of 2016
TSS
45 mg/l
88%
5.4 mg/l
30 mg/l
Ammonia
14.83
mg/l
45%
8 mg/l
10 mg/l
From the calculation results of Constructed Wetland, the TSS value is 5.4 mg / l, which
means that it has met the quality standard value and the ammonia value that comes out of the
biofilter has met the quality standard, which is 8 mg / l.
Institutional Aspects
To facilitate the smooth management of the use of the results of the development of
technology in the field of domestic wastewater sanitation, it is necessary to create a WWTP
management structure. The Organizational Structure of the utilization and maintenance group
(KPP) can be seen in Figure 10.
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
658 2, 3., February 2023
Figure 10. Organizational Structure of KPP WWTP Sanimas Neglasari Village
Banjaran District, Bandung Regency
Aspects of Community Participation
Landclearing is carried out with community leaders, in the service area. The land used
belongs to one local community leader who was accompanied by a land use permit to improve
the performance of a sustainable domestic wastewater treatment plant. The community
assistance process is planned to follow the stages of activities according to Table 10
Table 10. Community assistance in the service area
Phase
Topic
Participants
Output
Survei Early
Problem
identification
Sanimas
WWTP
managers and
the community
1. Test influent and onsite
effluent,
2. Level of understanding,
awareness of healthy
living
Land
Preparation
Consolidation
with landowners
Community
(landowner)
Readiness to manage by
KSM
Community
Data Retrieval
Interviews
with managers
and user
communities
Managers of
WWTP
Sanimas and the
people of
Neglasari
village
Recap questionnaire
Rembug
Citizens
Socialization
of citizens
Sanimas
Neglasari
WWTP
managers and
communities in
the service area
1. Wastewater material
2. WWTP performance
improvement technology
material
3. Simple water quality
monitoring practices
Education
Institutional,
Assistance in the
operation and
maintenance of
WWTP
Sanimas
Neglasari
WWTP
managers and
New stewardship, SOP,
simple water testing practices
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
659 2, 3., February 2023
Phase
Topic
Participants
Output
communities in
the service area
Wastewater
Treatment
Technology
WWTP
Manager
Sanimas
Neglasari
Wetland
Economic Aspects
Analysis of economic investments is important to know, to give an idea of the
advantages of investment activities. This Investment Analysis uses the calculation of the
Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis. The calculation of the BCR analysis can be seen in Table
11.
Table 11. Investment analysis with BCR analysis calculations
No
Data Description
Neglasari
WWTP,
Banjaran
District
Sayati WWTP,
Margahayu
District
WWTP Cipaku,
Paseh District
1
WWTP Unit
Performance
Housing
Housing
Housing
Number of Services
70 SR
22 SR
20 SR
2
Expense
a
Electricity
1.200.000
1.200.000
1.200.000
b
Disinfectant
600.000
300.000
300.000
c
Tool Maintenance
Costs (accessories
and pumps)
600.000
600.000
600.000
d
WWTP and
Wetland
Maintenance
Wages
2.400.000
2.400.000
2.400.000
Cost
4.800.000
4.500.000
4.500.000
3
Inclusion
a
Citizen Dues
6.000.000
-
1.800.000
b
Sale of Garden
Products
700.000
700.000
700.000
Benefits
6.700.000
700.000
2.500.000
4.
Benefit Cost Ratio
1,40
0,16
0,56
From the results of the investment analysis, it was obtained that the benefit-cost ratio
for the application of technology with the use of Sub-Surface Constructed Wetland for WWTP
Sanimas Neglasari village, Banjaran District has a value of > 1, so it is considered economically
feasible to be applied.
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
660 2, 3., February 2023
Environmental Aspects
Domestic wastewater that is not treated properly will result in losses because it has the
potential to cause water pollution, the environment, and health problems. Environmental
conditions around the Sanimas WWTP. So there is a need for an increase in domestic
wastewater treatment.
CONCLUSION
There are 5 factors that affect the sustainability of the use of Sanimas infrastructure in
Neglasari village, Bandung Regency in technical, economic, community participation,
institutional, and environmental aspects, namely;
1. Technical Aspects
▪ Using a biofilter of used plastic bottle packaging media can reduce BOD, which is 89% so
the BOD value comes out of 9.63 mg / l.
▪ Disinfection using chlorine with a pH of 6.5 - 8 can reduce the total coliform, which is
99.94% so that the total value of the coliform comes out to 2,580 amounts / 100 ml.
▪ With the addition of Constructed Wetland, it is able to reduce TSS, which is 88%, the TSS
value comes out, which is 5.4 mg / l, and decreases ammonia, which is 45% so that the
ammonia value comes out, which is 8 mg / l. So with the renewal of the biofilter, the addition
of disinfection using chlorine and Constructed Wetland can meet quality standards.
2. Institutional Aspects
Before the establishment of the management structure of the Sanimas WWTP
management has not been running well, after the establishment of the management of the
Sanimas WWTP management has become better and the structure.
3. Aspects of Community Participation
The people of Neglasari village strongly agree with the continuous improvement of
WWTP performance and will participate in the improvement of the program
4. Economic Aspects
Analysis benefit-cost ratio for the application of technology with the use of Wetland for
WWTP Sanimas Neglasari village, Banjaran District has a value of > 1, so it is considered
economically feasible to be applied.
5. Environmental Aspects
Before the improvement in the performance of the S animas WWTP, the environmental
conditions around the WWTP were polluted by wastewater which would result in losses
because it caused diseases for humans. After the improvement of WWTP performance, the
environmental conditions of the WWTP become better.
From the results of the SWOT analysis, namely IFAS (Internal Factor Strategies) and
EFAS (External Factor Strategies), a strength value of 1,250 and a competitive value of 1,013
were obtained. The position of the value is in quadrant I (first) of the second space. Alternative
strategies recommended are aggressive strategies or S-O strategies. The proposed strategy
includes the provision of training by the Local Government to gradually improve the ability of
Sanimas managers and the addition of Sanimas infrastructure to improve the quality of the
environment to be cleaner and healthier.
Strategies for Improving the Performance of Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants
661 2, 3., February 2023
SUGGESTION
Based on the results of research that has been carried out, there are inputs that can be
followed up by local governments, namely: it is necessary to hold continuous socialization by
local governments to increase public awareness of the use of Sanimas WWTP.
REFERENCES
Alfatiyah, R. (2017). Analisis manajemen risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dengan
menggunakan metode HIRARC pada pekerjaan seksi casting. SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal
Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, 11(2), 88–101.
Al-Hafedh, Y. S., Alam, A., & Alam, M. A. (2003). Performance of plastic biofilter media with
different configuration in a water recirculation system for the culture of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus). Aquacultural Engineering, 29(3–4), 139–154.
Chahyadi, D. (2007). Evaluasi Sistem Pengelolaan Air Limbah Domestik Terdesentralisasi di
Daerah Pingit Kecamatan Jetis Yogyakarta.
Hasbiah, A. W. (2021). Analisa Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik di Kota
Cimahi. HIBAH PENELITIAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNPAS.
Islam, F., Priastomo, Y., Mahawati, E., Utami, N., Budiastutik, I., Hairuddin, M. C., Fatma, F.,
Akbar, F., Ningsih, W. I. F., & Adiningsih, R. (2021). Dasar-dasar kesehatan
Lingkungan. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Jamil, F., Mukhaiyar, R., & Husnaini, I. (2020). Kajian Literatur Rekonstruksi Mata Kuliah
(Studi Kasus Mata Kuliah Pengolahan Sinyal Teknik Elektro UNP). JTEV (Jurnal Teknik
Elektro Dan Vokasional), 6(2), 198–203.
Kurniawan, M. W. (2013). Strategi pengelolaan air limbah sentra UMKM batik yang
berkelanjutan di kabupaten Sukoharjo. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 11(2), 62–72.
Kusumastuti, D. S. (2008). Tinjauan yuridis pelaksanaan penerapan produksi bersih dan
pengendalian pencemaran air pada industri kecil menengah batik di kampoeng batik
Laweyan Surakarta.
Li, B., & Zhang, T. (2012). pH significantly affects removal of trace antibiotics in chlorination
of municWWTP wastewater. Water Research, 46(11), 3703–3713.
Mayasari, E., Sari, F. E., & Yulyani, V. (2022). Hubungan Air Dan Sanitasi Dengan Kejadian
Stunting Diwilayah Kerja Upt Puskesmas Candipuro Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Tahun
2021. Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical, 2(1).
PANGESTU, M. P. (2021). Pengaruh Keberadaan WWTP Komunal Terhadap Area Risiko
Sanitasi Tinggi Sektor Air Limbah Di Kabupaten Sleman.
Prihatin, R. B. (2015). Alih fungsi lahan di perkotaan (Studi kasus di Kota Bandung dan
Yogyakarta). Jurnal Aspirasi, 6(2), 105–118.
Retnawati, H. (2017). Teknik Pengambilan Sampel. Disampaikan Pada Workshop Update
Penelitian Kuantitatif, Teknik Sampling, Analisis Data, Dan Isu Plagiarisme, 1–7.
Shobirin, M., & Ali, H. (2019). Strategi Pengembangan Infrastruktur dalam Meningkatkan
Pelayanan Penumpang di Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno Hatta Cengkareng. Jurnal
Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 1(2), 155–168.
Standard, D. W. Q. (2017). Pengembangan Proses pada Sistem Anaerobic Baffled Reactor
untuk Memenuhi Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik. Jurnal Permukiman Vol, 12(2), 70–
79.
Yudo, S., & Said, N. I. (2017). Kebijakan Dan Strategi Pengelolaanair Limbah Domestik Di
Indonesia. Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan, 10(2).