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E-ISSN: 2828-335x
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
555
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF URBAN FIRE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Abdul Hakim, Iman Basriman, Ninin Gusdini
Universitas Sahid Jakarta
abdul.hakim.hse@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
A fire is a condition of a building, such as a house, factory, market, or building, burning uncontrollably,
causing casualties. Fire is one of the disasters caused by non-natural factors. The purpose of this study is to
analyze internal and external environmental factors in the prevention of fire management. As well as designing
a strategy formulation for fire prevention. the method used in this study is a SWOT analysis using the QSPM
(Quantitative Strategy Planning Matrix). The number of respondents in this study was three people. The
results of this study are based on interviews with the fire service which resulted in factors influencing the
occurrence of internal and External fires during the fire suppression strategy. The most influential internal
factor in terms of strength is establishing an RW-level early handling officer providing counseling to the
community. Already has a lot of fleet facilities. Lack of training in new firefighters. External factors in Fire
prevention among them. Providing external training to fire officers in the agency/community while in terms
of threats, namely weak cooperation with electricity, and water providers. Strategies that can improve at the
time of fire prevention in the future. Increase the capacity of building fire prevention to the community and
agencies and residents maximize early fire prevention can be done so that the fire is extinguished immediately.
Keywords: Fire, Internal Factors, External factors, Strategies
This article is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
INTRODUCTION
The fire was one of the unexpected tragedies. In addition to being unwanted by the
public, fires are often out of control when large. Fires are very dangerous and affect people's
lives and livelihoods. Fire is classified as a form of disaster. According to the National Disaster
Management Agency (BNPB), a disaster is an event or series of events caused by natural, non-
natural, or human factors that threaten or disrupt people's livelihoods and livelihoods and result
in death or environmental damage (Abdullah & Tinov, n.d.)
In the event of a fire, extinguishing is usually carried out mutually by residents with
makeshift equipment, before the fire unit arrives at the scene. The problem that often occurs so
far is the delay in the fire unit arriving at the fire site which is caused by several internal factors
including, (1) human resources, (2) facilities, and (3) management while on external factors 1.
Socio-Cultural, 2. Climate and 3. environment in the aspect caused by the impact of the social
aspect is influenced by age so the above factors are very influencing (Sriwijaya, 2018).
The existence of a fire station in an area is believed to have a significant impact on the
fire disaster management process. The location from the fire station to the fire site does not
take much time so firefighters can reach the location quickly (Argarini & Yusuf, 2020).
Sudin Penanggulangan Api is a representative of the DKI Jakarta Regional
Government, overcoming the problem of legal fire management as the basis of government
policy, having resources, developing resources, research facilities, and assistance related to
fires. Reaching out to all communities in need - and disaster relief, especially in DKI Jakarta
province which has recorded the number of fires in 2020, fires increased exponentially until
Strategic Analysis of Urban Fire Management Systems
556 2, 2., January 2023
higher registered fires electric fires accounted for the highest fire potential. More than 221 other
unexplained cases of fires were recorded that could have caused fires (Deni et al., 2019).
The third fire was caused by a gas cylinder that fired, causing a very large fire that recorded as
many as 180 cases of fire. Meanwhile, the cause of the fire was caused by burning sambah with
a total of 123 cases recorded. The
fires caused by cigarettes recorded 36 cases of fires in Jakarta.
Fires caused by candles are as many as 7 cases that cause fires. internal factors include, (1)
human resources, (2) Facilities, and (3) management while external factors 1. Socio-Cultural,
2. Climate and 3. environment and learn about fire prevention strategies for urban fire
management.
METHOD
By using a SWOT analysis, Grameds can find out what internal factors the company has,
such as strengths and weaknesses, as well as external factors that are outside the company, such
as opportunities and threats. Strength Weakness Opportunity Threats are a strategic planning
method used to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in a project or
business speculation. In this analysis, SWOT is adapted to formulate potential problems that
affect community capacity in efforts to reduce fire risk. Next, a SWOT matrix is formed which
is then used to generate strategies.
To make a plan, you must evaluate external factors as well as internal factors. Analysis of
factors must produce strengths owned by an organization, as well as know the weaknesses
contained in that organization. Meanwhile, the analysis of external factors must be able to find
out the opportunities that are open to the organization and can also find out the threats (treath)
experienced by the organization concerned. As well as a SWOT strategy analysis is used to
analyze and measure organizational strengths, organizational weaknesses, organizational
opportunities, and organizational threats by calculating the value of the Internal Factors Analysis
Summary (IFAS) and External Factors Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrix, then calculating the value
of External Factor Evaluation (EFE) and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) to be able to
determine the direction of the strategy in the future development of the organization then
determine the TOWS or SWOT matrix that describes the alternative strategy of the
organization (Hidayat et al., 2017).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Result
Many fires in urban areas occur as a result of electrical short circuits, smoking and, many
causes that can cause fires. The following data on fires that occurred in 2021 that hit urban
areas were recorded in the Urban Fire Department.
The table was made to find that the fires that occurred in 2021 were the fires that occurred
in Jakarta the most in housing which recorded as many as 55 cases in March, while in fires
recorded for one year as many as 516 cases of fires in the scope of housing. In installations
outside the building, there were 413 fires recorded this year, the highest recorded fire cases this
year in December recorded at 59 fire cases. Meanwhile, in public buildings where there were
fires, there were 274 recorded fire cases that occurred in October with 34 fire cases recorded.
Strategic Analysis of Urban Fire Management Systems
557 2, 2., January 2023
Table. 1 Burning Building Data 2021
No
Moon
Janis Building on Fire
Residential
Buildings
Public Buildings and
Markets
Industrial
buildings
Outside
the
building
1
Jan
42
14
2
21
2
Feb
49
15
0
29
3
March
55
12
1
39
4
April
30
27
1
49
5
May
44
24
3
45
6
June
37
20
1
25
7
July
44
34
1
35
8
Aug
53
15
5
29
9
Sept
44
24
0
36
10
Oct
46
34
0
36
11
Nov
40
22
2
28
12
Des
32
33
0
59
Source: Fire Service in 2021
Discussion
The fire suppression strategy is formulated using a soft analyzer as in the table below. The
order of priorities of the strategy is arranged based on the frequency of occurrence of alternative
strategies. Internal factors are influenced by the location of more and more fire stations and
several points in urban areas to facilitate handling by firefighters and maximize firefighting in
the area. And a handful of employees who have been trained so that the bias is more optimal
in carrying out the firefighting given. And assisted by supportive efforts to extinguish fires in
the city.
While in weakness there are several that cause weaknesses internally, including routine
training to conduct fire simulations. So that the firefighting can run optimally. Socialization to
the community to minimize the level of fires in densely populated environments. As well as a
workforce that still receives little training so during outages it is very important.
External factors that cause fires in urban areas often occur so it must be at a minimalist level
of these external factors such as Opportunity which causes fires and often arises including
uninhabitable buildings or old building ages such as electrical installations, and materials in
buildings so that they are prone to fire.
The next opportunity that can cause fires is the residents' understanding of fires, there are
still many residents who ignore safety such as smoking, burning litter, and other causes that
are not extinguished so there is the potential for fires. As for electrical installations that are not
standard, they cause the potential for shorting or burning in electrical installations and are
unknown, causing severe fires.
Strategic Analysis of Urban Fire Management Systems
558 2, 2., January 2023
Figure 1. Internal and External Factors
The analysis using SWOT analysis obtained the results in this study using the matrix IFE (
Internal Factor Evaluation) and EFE (External Factor Evaluation) to obtain data in accordance
with the analysis of fire management in the damkar ( fire service) Jakarta area including having
several internal factors that are biased to cause the occurrence of fire extinguishing conditions
that affect it summarized in the table Internal Factors and The External Factors table below
includes the following:
Table 2 Internal Factors Table
Variable
R
1
R
2
R
3
Jml
Weight
Reting
BxR
Strength
Providing hydrants
3
3
4
10
0,15
3,33
0,51
Establishing an RW-
level early handling
officer
3
4
4
11
0,17
3,67
0,61
Have a strategy outlined
in the procedure
4
3
3
10
0,15
3,33
0,51
Already has many fleet
facilities
3
4
4
11
0,15
3,33
0,51
Installation of a pot
containing himbawan
4
3
4
11
0,17
3,67
0,61
Weaknes
The Number of Peugas
Age ahead of Retirement
is higher
1
2
1
4
0,06
3,00
0,18
Lack of training on new
Firefighters
2
1
2
5
0,08
4,00
0,30
Lack of Number of
Officers in a team
2
2
1
5
0,08
5.00
0,38
Total of Internal Factors
66
1.00
3,38
Source: Dinsa Urban Fire Department, 2022
Strategic Analysis of Urban Fire Management Systems
559 2, 2., January 2023
Internal factors are influenced by the location of more and more outage posts and several
points in the Jakarta area so that it will maximize firefighting in the area. And a handful of
employees who have been trained so that the bias is more optimal in carrying out the
firefighting given. And assisted by supportive efforts to extinguish fires in the city. While in
weakness there are several that cause weaknesses internally, including routine training to
conduct fire simulations. So that the fire fighting can run optimally. Socialization to the
community to minimize the level of fires in densely populated environments. As well as a
workforce that still receives little training so during outages it is very important.
Table 3. External Factors Table
Variable
R 1
R 2
R 3
Jml
Weight
Reting
BxR
Oppurtunity (opportunity)
Providing extenal
training to firefighters
in the agency/
community
2
3
3
8
0,22
2,67
0,58
Agencies or
communities
providing firefighting
facilities by the
community
3
2
4
7
0,19
2,33
0,44
Support from the
government
3
2
2
6
0,16
2
0,32
Threat
Weak cooperation
with electricity, and
water providers
1
2
2
5
0,17
1,67
0,23
Dense Number of
Houses
2
1
1
4
0,13
1.33
0,14
Extrim weather during
strong winds and
drought
2
2
1
3
0,10
1
0J,08
Condition of buildings
that have been
damaged
1
1
2
4
0,13
1,33
0,14
Total External Factor Evaluation
37
1.00
1,94
source: Fire Service, 2022
In the table above, some external factors that cause fires in urban areas often occur so that
it must be minimalized at the level of these external factors, such as in Opportunity
(Opportunity) which causes fires and often arises including uninhabitable buildings or old
buildings ages such as electrical installations, and materials in buildings so that they are prone
to fire. The next opportunity that can cause fires is the residents' understanding of fires, there
are still many residents who ignore safety such as smoking, burning litter, and other causes that
are not extinguished so there is the potential for a fire. Such as non-standard electrical
Strategic Analysis of Urban Fire Management Systems
560 2, 2., January 2023
installations that cause the potential for shorting or burning of electrical installations and
unknowns so as to cause severe fires.
In Threats (human) that arise on external factors include the first at a narrow outage location
in a small alley so that fire trucks cannot enter and the number of residents who see is very
large, making it difficult to extinguish. The obstacle that is caused when a fire occurs that
occurs during an outage is the time of extinguishing that goes to the location of the fire which
causes a fire that is increasingly at a jam so that access to extinguishing is very difficult to
extinguish so that when the fire has spread. Climatic factors affect the rapidly growing fires
where the hot climate and strong winds very quickly help the fire to clear so that the fire is very
difficult to extinguish. As well as during firefighting when a fire occurs, there are many
firefighters who participate in helping the fire from the community so as to create obstacles to
firefighting.
The results of the Marix QSPM (Quantitative Strategy Planning Matrix) analysis are based
on in-depth interviews with three key figures who are considered to understand fire prevention
in urban firefighters.
Based on the QSPM analysis, get several strategies that can be made a top priority based on
high ranking, according to research there are 7 strategies that management needs to do to
improve when carrying out fire prevention which has the highest 3 values from the table above
so that it can improve the strategy of the fire prevention system including the following
1. Increase the capacity of building fire prevention to the community and agencies to
maximize early fire prevention can be done so that fires are extinguished immediately. By
increasing public awareness and related agencies of building capacity such as: providing
fire extinguishers, installing fire alarms, and training fire management teams that must be
carried out regularly.
2. Optimizing and strategy of monthly coordination meetings, creating WhatsApp groups to
control related to fire prevention by conducting similar counseling to building user
agencies, and Support agencies (water, electricity, etc.) as well as the community. By
conducting regular training during emergencies, conducting training, and providing
information related to fire issues.
Increase public awareness to facilitate the work of firefighters to get to the fire site when
firefighters are on the road both during office hours, office hours, and office hours so that
officers immediately arrive at the fire scene quickly and can immediately extinguish the fire.
By providing access roads, there is no crowding at the scene of the fire.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions Based on the results of the study, conclusions can be drawn below related to
fire prevention in the city The most influential internal factors in terms of strength are forming
RW-level early handling officers and Providing Counseling to the Community by Already
having many Fleet facilities, Lack of training for new Firefighters.
In external factors that have the most influence in terms of opportunities in fire prevention
include providing external training to fire officers in the agency / community while in terms of
threats, namely weak cooperation with electricity, water providers. Strategies that can improve
at the time of fire prevention are. Increase the capacity of building fire prevention to the
community and agencies and maximize initial fire prevention can be done so that fires are
Strategic Analysis of Urban Fire Management Systems
561 2, 2., January 2023
extinguished immediately. By increasing public awareness and institutions related to building
capacity such as: providing fire extinguishers, installing fire trucks, and training fire
management teams that must be carried out regularly. b. Optimizing and strategy of monthly
coordination meetings, creating whatsApps groups to control related to fire prevention by
conducting simulai and counseling to building user agencies, and Support agencies (water,
electricity, etc.) as well as the community. By conducting regular training during emergencies,
conducting training and providing information related to fire issues. c. Increase public
awareness to facilitate the work of firefighters to get to the fire site when firefighters are on the
road both during office hours, office hours and office hours so that officers immediately arrive
at the fire scene quickly and can immediately extinguish the fire. By providing access roads,
not crowding at the scene of a fire.
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