P-ISSN: 2827-9832
E-ISSN: 2828-335x
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
1053
LOCAL COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS OF THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN KEMIREN VILLAGE, GLAGAH
DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI REGENCY
Arif Luqman Hakim, Luchman Hakim, Edriana Pangestuti
Universitas Brawijaya
billy.valkyrie@gmail.com, luchman@ub.ac.id, pangestutidrina@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The development of global tourism in recent decades has received exclusive attention from a number of
government elites and continues to experience significant growth. Analyze tourism development in Kemiren
Village based on tourism components (4A - attraction, accessibility, amenities, and ancillaries). The type
of research that will be used is qualitative descriptive research. Descriptive research is research that is
carried out to determine the value of independent variables, either one or more variables (independent)
without making comparisons, or linking with other variables. The forest was cleared to be used as a village
of Kemiren Village and led by a Village Head named Marjana alias Walik. Kemiren Village still shows a
socio-cultural life system that carries the traditional values of Osing. Kemiren Village was designated as a
tourist area for the Osing traditional village by the Governor of East Java Basofi Sudirman. The conclusion
is that tourism development in Kemiren Village has fulfilled all components of tourism, namely attraction,
accessibility, amenities, and ancillaries (4A). Attractions or attractions in Kemiren Village are developed
from their main potential, namely from the socio-cultural aspect in the form of customs that are still strongly
embraced among the community.
Keywords: tourism, 4A, kemiren village
This article is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
INTRODUCTION
The development of global tourism in recent decades has received exclusive attention from
a number of government elites and continues to experience significant growth (Scheyvens &
Momsen, 2008). Tourism activities that were initially considered less prospective have
transformed into vital sectors in encouraging a country's economic growth (Jones et al., 2017).
In fact, the existence of tourism has been recognized as one of the largest economic sectors
with the fastest development in the world (Siti-Nabiha & Saad, 2015). According to Arjana
(2016), this happens because tourism in this modernization era is not only used to meet the
needs of fun for tourists but also able to cause economic, social and cultural activities.
In addition, the tourism sector also has a multiplier effect that contributes importantly to
supporting the development of a country/region as well as being a driving force for other
sectors. So that tourism can be relied on as a source of state income, open business
opportunities, support the growth of the private sector, encourage exports, stimulate
infrastructure development, cultural diplomacy, improve community welfare, and so on (Dwi
& Subekti, 2017; Kurniawan et al., 2017). According to Jacob (2019), the contribution of the
tourism sector is manifested in various forms, such as tax revenues, job creation, state income
from foreign currency, growth in the value of investments, and others.
Tourism activities that develop in one country/region are able to create demand for
consumption and investment which in turn will encourage the creation of production activities
for goods and services (Hojeghan & Esfangareh, 2011). This is certainly based on the needs
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village, Glagah
District, Banyuwangi Regency
1054 2, 4., March 2023
of tourists during tourist trips which cause demand for goods and services as a new business
opportunity in a destination. To meet this demand, investment activities are also carried out
in various fields, such as lodging transportation, restaurant accommodation, the handicraft
industry, tourist attractions, entertainment centers, and so on (Yakub, 2019). It is not
surprising that nowadays tourism development is increasingly being carried out in various
countries to create prospective new economic activities in escalating the national economy,
including Indonesia (Triska, 2019).
In 2015, the Government of Indonesia designated tourism as one of the seven national
strategic issues in the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMDN)
document. Tourism is grouped in the category of leading sector development dimensions
along with the food sovereignty, energy-electricity sovereignty, and sovereignty-maritime
sectors (Ollivaud & Haxton, 2019).
In the relatively short term, the development and development of Indonesian tourism have
experienced significant growth (Malahayati et al., 2021). This is reflected in the growth in the
level of domestic and foreign tourist visits to Indonesia which tends to increased since 2015-
2019. In the early days of tourism development as a leading sector in Indonesia, the number
of foreign tourists reached 10.23 million visits while domestic tourists amounted to 256.42
million visits. In 2019, this figure increased to 16.11 million foreign tourist visits with the
number of domestic tourists reaching 282.93 million visits This figure represents a
presentation of foreign tourist growth of 12% and 2% domestic tourists. The data on tourist
visits to Indonesia can be seen in Figures 1.1 and 1.2 below.
Figure 1. 1 Number of Foreign Tourist Visits to Indonesia in 2015-20191
Source: Statistics Indonesia (2020)
Figure 1. 2 Number of Indonesian Domestic Tourist Visits in 2015-20192
Source: Statistics Indonesia (2020)
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village,
Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency
1055 2, 4., March 2023
In addition to the escalation of tourist visitation rates, the success of tourism as a leading
sector in Indonesia is also reflected through the contribution of this sector to the growth of the
country's foreign exchange receipts which has continued to increase since 2014-2019 with an
average annual value of 14.5 billion US dollars. This encourages the tourism sector as the
largest contributor to the country's foreign exchange receipts from service exports in 2019
with a contribution of 54%. The tourism sector has also succeeded in shifting the position of
a number of export commodities that are experiencing contraction. The improving tourism
performance has pushed this sector to become the second largest contributor in Indonesia in
the country's foreign exchange receipts after coal as can be seen in Figure 1.3.
Figure 1. 3 Sectors Contributing the Highest Foreign Exchange in Indonesia3
Source: Bank Indonesia (2020)
According to a report by the World Travel and Tourism Council (2020), in 2019, the
tourism sector contributed to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product by 5.9%, or worth 64.7
billion US dollars. This sector also absorbs 13.18 million workers in Indonesia, this figure is
equivalent to 10.1% of the total national workforce. Observing these facts, it is not surprising
that the tourism sector is considered very the potential to support the acceleration of
transformation and strengthen the national economic structure because it experiences growth
that tends to increase.
In the last 5 (five) years, the development of the number of foreign and domestic tourists
to Banyuwangi Regency has increased significantly. In 2015, the number of domestic tourist
visits was only 1,727,958 people while foreign tourists were 45,569. In 2019, the figure
increased to 5,307,054 domestic tourist visits and 101,622 foreign tourists. This indicates a
growth of 32.4% of domestic tourist visits and 36.56% of foreign tourists in 2019. The
following Table 1.3 will show the level of tourist visits in Banyuwangi Regency in 2014-2019.
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village, Glagah
District, Banyuwangi Regency
1056 2, 4., March 2023
Table 1. 1 Number of Banyuwangi Tourists in 2015-20191
Source: Banyuwangi Regency Culture and Tourism Office, 2020
The purpose of this study is to analyze tourism development in Kemiren Village based
on tourism components (4A - attractions, accessibility, amenities, and ancillaries). Describes
the social perspective of the community towards the tourism development of Kemiren Village.
Recommend social carrying capacity for sustainable development based on the results of the
analysis of the community's social perspective on the tourism development of Kemiren
Village. Hasil this research is expected to be able to add scientific studies related to the social
carrying capacity of tourism destinations in tourism science as well as contribute, namely
complementing library references of the Faculty of Administrative Sciences and the Central
Library of Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Through the results of this study, it is hoped that it
can provide benefits by enriching existing theories related to the social carrying capacity of
tourism destinations that experience an increase in the number of tourist visits and are not
controlled will cause new problems at the location of tourist attractions.
METHOD
The type of research that will be used is qualitative descriptive research. Descriptive
research is research conducted to determine the value of independent variables, either one or
more variables (independent) without making comparisons, or linking with other variables
(Sugiyono, 2012). Another definition, descriptive research is a research method aimed at
describing existing phenomena, which took place in the present or past (Sukmadinata, 2005).
Descriptive research is characterized by an effort to find out the condition of something, be it
in the form of a situation or situation, the quality or quality of a person's performance, or the
relationship between two conditions in the form of a relationship or comparison. The types of
data used in this study are primary and secondary data. The data collected in this study consists
of two types, namely primary data and secondary data (Riska & Hapsari, 2021). The first is
primary data, this data is in the form of interview texts and obtained through interviews with
informants in the study. Data can be recorded or recorded by researchers. The next data analysis
technique used in this study is SWOT analysis. As a concept in strategic management, SWOT
analysis emphasizes the assessment of the external and internal environment (Syaaf et al.,
Year
Tourist Visits
Total
Domestic
Foreign
2015
1.727.958
45.569
1.773.527
2016
4.022.449
77.139
4.099.588
2017
4.832.999
98.970
4.931.969
2018
5.200.000
127.420
5.327.420
2019
5.307.054
101.622
5.408.676
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village,
Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency
1057 2, 4., March 2023
2023). This analysis is based on a logic that can maximize strengths and opportunities but
minimize weaknesses and threats. In this study, the SWOT analysis technique was used to
formulate recommendations for social carrying capacity for the sustainable development of
Kemiren Village tourism.
Figure 4. 1 Data Analysis in Qualitative Research1
Source: Creswell (2017)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Administratively, Kemiren Village is a village in Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency,
East Java Province. Geographically, Kemiren Village has an area of 117,052, both sides of
which are bordered by two rivers, namely the Gullung River and the Sobo River along 3 km
from west to east. Kemiren Village on the East side is connected to the center of Banyuwangi
Regency and Tamansuruh Baths. The West Side of Kemiren Village is connected to the
Kalibendo plantation. The following are the boundaries of Kemiren Village:𝑚
2
North: Jambesari Village, Giri District
South: Olehsari Village, Glagah District
West: Tamansuruh Village, Glagah District
Interpreting
themes/descriptions
Validate the accuracy of
information
Linking themes/descriptions
Themes
Description
Coding data
(hand or computer)
Read the entire data
Processing and preparing data
for analysis
Raw data (transcription, field
data, images, and so on)
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village, Glagah
District, Banyuwangi Regency
1058 2, 4., March 2023
East: Banjarsari Subdistrict, Glagah District
The North Boundary is bounded by the Gullung River and plantations, as well as farmland
partly owned by the residents of Kemiren Village. To the South, it is bordered by the Sobo
river and farmland. The western boundary is the gate and agricultural land, and the eastern
boundary is the plantations and houses of the residents of Kemiren Village and Banjarsari
Village.
Kemiren village is located at an altitude of 187m above sea level, classified as having a low
topography with rainfall of 1500mm/year. The highest rainfall is in December and the lowest
in March. Average air temperatures range from 20-24°C. The condition of soil surface in
Kemiren Village is an undulating plain with clay types that are overgrown with the majority of
rice and palawija plants. The water source in Kemiren Village that is used for daily use is rivers,
wells, and HIPAM then for agricultural land is technical irrigation. Table 5.1. indicates that the
area in Kemiren Village is divided based on its use. Most of the land in Kemiren Village is a
rice field area of 103 ha/.𝑚
2
Table 5. 1 Area and Function of Kemiren Village1
Land use
Land
Area of settlement
27,494 ha/𝑚
2
Area of rice fields
103 ha/𝑚
2
Plantation area
1.17 ha/𝑚
2
Area of tomb land
0.7 ha/𝑚
2
Area of moor
35,745 ha/𝑚
2
Field land area
0.3 ha/𝑚
2
Office area
0.04 ha/𝑚
2
Other public infrastructure areas
8,068 ha/𝑚
2
Total area
177,052 ha/𝒎
𝟐
Source: Kemiren Village Monograph (2018)
The naming of Kemiren Village comes from its history when it was first discovered, the
village which is still a forest there are many pecan trees and durians. Since then the area has
been called Kemiren Village. Kemiren Village was born in the 1830s, starting from a stretch
of green rice fields and forests owned by the residents of Cungking Village which became the
forerunner of the Osing community in Banyuwangi. The forest was cleared to be used as a
village of Kemiren Village and led by a Village Head named Marjana alias Walik. Kemiren
Village still shows a socio-cultural life system that carries the traditional values of Osing.
Kemiren Village was designated as a tourist area for the Osing traditional village by the
Governor of East Java Basofi Sudirman.
Osing is one of the ethnic communities located in the Banyuwangi area, in a wider scope
Osing is one of the sub-ethnic parts of Java. In the map of the Javanese cultural area, Osing is
part of the Sabrang Wetan region which developed on the eastern tip of Java Island. The Osing
people are a society descended from the remaining Hindu kingdom of Blambangan and have
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village,
Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency
1059 2, 4., March 2023
different customs, cultures, and languages. Kemiren Village which is designated as Osing
Village as well as a cultural heritage to preserve it.
Based on BPS data from Glagah District in Figures (2022), the population of Kemiren
Village consists of 1,242 men and 1336 women with a total of 2,578 residents. The percentage
of the population of Kemiren Village compared to other villages/kelurahan is 3.83 percent of
the total population in Glagah District. The population density of Kemiren Village is 868
inhabitants per km
2
. Based on their ethnicity, the population of Kemiren Village consists of
2,543 people who are Osing people, 23 Javanese, 2 Madurese, and 1 Balinese.
Glagah Subdistrict in Figures (2022) shows the main occupation of the community in the
Glagah District. The people of Kemiren Village have a livelihood mostly from agriculture with
a total of 398 people. In addition, the people of Kemiren Village also work in the fields of
services (259 people), trade (257 people), industry (99 people), transportation (34 people), and
others (216 people). The large amount of land that functions as rice fields is a supporting factor
that makes the agricultural profession the dominant one in the Kemiren Village community.
Kemiren Village Tourism Development based on Tourism Component (4A)
This study aims to analyze the tourism potential and tourism development strategy of
Kemiren Village in order to have a positive impact on local communities in Kemiren Village,
especially social impacts. Tourism development in an area requires meeting needs and services
that support the sustainability of tourism. According to Cooper (2008), tourist destinations must
be supported by four main components, namely attraction, accessibility, amenities, and
ancillary. Using qualitative descriptive data analysis, this study identified the tourism
development of Kemiren Village from the four components of tourism.
Attraction Component in Kemiren Village Tourism Development
The attraction component is the natural, cultural, and special aspects of attractions that are
used as the attraction of a destination. An area will cultivate and develop its potential to be used
as an attraction. The results of this study identified that Kemiren Village has eight types of
attractions offered to tourists, including rice field education, coffee roasting, traditional
cooking, learning traditional dance, learning traditional music, learning batik, festivals, and
osing tribal traditional houses. The attractions offered by Kemiren Village can be classified
into two types of attractions, namely nature and culture-based attractions (see Table 5.2.).
The first attraction offered by Kemiren Village is an educational tour of rice fields. Based
on existing land use data, an area of 103 hectares of Kemiren Village area is rice fields
(Kemiren Village Office, 2016). In addition, 398 of the 1263 (31%) residents of Kemiren
Village have main jobs in agriculture (BPS, 2016). The landscape of Kemiren Village is
dominated by agricultural land. These conditions are used as capital or sources of tourism
(tourism resources) and developed into tourist attractions in the form of rice field educational
tourism.
Farming is part of the daily life of the locals in Kemiren Village. The daily life is offered to
be part of the visitor's travel experience with a package of trekking, rice planting, and plowing
rice activities at a rate of Rp500,000 per tourist, the minimum number of participants is one
person and the maximum is 20 people.
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village, Glagah
District, Banyuwangi Regency
1060 2, 4., March 2023
Figure 5. 1 Rice Field in Kemiren Village1
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
The second form of attraction offered in Kemiren Village is coffee roasting tour. Kemiren
Village has MSMEs that process, package, and market coffee as its superior product, namely
Jaran Goyang Coffee UKM. Although the coffee beans do not come from Kemiren Village,
Kemiren Village offers the process of roasting coffee with traditional methods as one of the
activities for tourists to enjoy. Coffee roasting tour packages are charged Rp30,000 per tourist,
with a minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 50 participants.
Figure 5. 2 Learning Locations to Roast Coffee2
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
The third attraction is traditional cooking. Kemiren Village as a traditional tourist village
that carries Osing culture as its main attraction, has traditional culinary menus along with
cooking methods that are still in accordance with tradition. The menu offered to learn how to
cook it by tourists is Pecel Pitik. To take part in the tour package per person, a tariff of IDR
30,000 is charged with a minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 50 participants. Pecel
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village,
Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency
1061 2, 4., March 2023
Pitik as a traditional menu is also used as the main menu at food stalls in Kemiren Village,
namely Pesantogan Kemangi, Warung Semanggi, Warung Kemiren, Warung Dawisah, and
Warung Sapu Jagad.
Figure 5. 4 Traditional Cuisine of Kemiren Pecel Pitik Village3
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
Another cultural potential that is the fourth and fifth attraction in Kemiren Village is dance
tourism and traditional musical instruments. There are two different tour packages. Traditional
dance learning tour packages are marketed at a price of Rp25,000 per participant with a
minimum number of 25 participants and a maximum of 50 participants. There are three types
of traditional dance offered to be learned in Kemiren Village, namely Gandrung Dance, Jaran
Goyang Dance, and Barong Parade Dance.
Figure 5. 5 Sopo Ngiro Dance Studio Temu Misti4
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
Dance tourism attractions are developed from the potential of the local community of
Kemiren Village, namely the maestro and conservationist of Gandrung Terop Ibu Temu Misti
and her dance studio named Sopo Ngiro. In this dance tour package, Kemiren Village also
offers special classes to learn the three dances in more depth, this package is charged a fee of
Rp. 1,500,000 to Rp. 3,000,000, - depending on the number of dances learned. Then for
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village, Glagah
District, Banyuwangi Regency
1062 2, 4., March 2023
traditional music learning tours, the tariff per person is IDR 25,000 with a minimum of 25
participants and a maximum of 50 people.
Figure 5. 6 Lesung Music Performances5
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
The sixth attraction offered by Kemiren Village is the process of learning batik, at a rate of
Rp. 50,000, - and the number of participants of 25-50 tourists can learn and participate in batik
with the typical motifs of the Osing custom. Batik is a popular souvenir that is an attraction of
many regions in Indonesia. Kemiren Village packages their signature batik in addition to
selling batik products in the gallery, namely by making educational tour packages so that
tourists can learn the technique of drawing batik motifs typical of the Osing custom. So that
tourists can get a more personalized experience as well as souvenirs.
Figure 5. 7 Kemiren Village Batik Gallery6
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
The seventh attraction is an event. Kemiren Village offers four different events that are a
special attraction for tourists, namely Barong Ider Bumi which is held every 2nd of Syawal,
Tumpeng Sewu which is held in the month of Dzulhijjah, Ngopi Festival which is held in
October, and Mocoan Lontar which is held every Wednesday night. The Barong Ider Bumi
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village,
Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency
1063 2, 4., March 2023
event, Tumpeng Sewu, and the Kemiren Village Ngopi Festival, it can accommodate a
maximum of 3000 tourists. The existence of these cultural events is an iconic attraction
belonging to Kemiren Village and can attract a large number of tourists.
Figure 5. 8 Tumpeng Sewu7
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
Figure 5. 9 Mocoan Lontar8
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
Kemiren Village as a village that still upholds traditional sustainability makes these
characteristics a potential that is put forward for the development of tourism attractions.
Finally, the eighth attraction is the Osing traditional house. The rehabilitation of Osing
traditional houses has strengthened the attraction of Kemiren Village as a traditional tourist
village. Osing's traditional house has the form of a building of philosophical value. The shape
of the house includes a four-roofed tikel house that symbolizes that the occupants are steady, a
crocogan or two-roofed house which means that the occupants are families that have just built
a household and/or a family whose economy is relatively low, and a baresan or three-roofed
house that symbolizes that the owner is materially established under the tikel shape house.
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village, Glagah
District, Banyuwangi Regency
1064 2, 4., March 2023
Figure 5. 10 Traditional Houses of the Osing Tribe9
Source: Researcher Documentation (2022)
Amenities Component in Kemiren Village Tourism Development
Amenities are all kinds of facilities and infrastructure needed by tourists while in tourist
destinations (Suwena, 2017). Based on the results of this study, it was found that from 2015 to
2022 there were several facilities and facilities built in Kemiren Village. Table 5.5. shows the
facilities and facilities built to support tourism in Kemiren Village and the parties who
contribute to its development. The existence of tourism support facilities and facilities in
Kemiren Village is in good condition and quite complete. The main amenities owned by
Kemiren Village are accommodations in the form of homestays and guesthouses.
Standard homestays with a rate of IDR 125,000 to IDR 275,000 per person in Kemiren
Village are able to receive as many as 80 guests, and guesthouses with a rate of IDR 350,000
per person have a maximum occupancy of 10.
CONCLUSION
Tourism development in Kemiren Village has fulfilled all components of tourism, namely
attraction, accessibility, amenities, and ancillaries (4A). Attractions or attractions in Kemiren
Village are developed from their main potential, namely from the socio-cultural aspect in the
form of customs that are still strongly embraced among the community. Accessibility or
accessibility to Kemiren Village is in good condition and makes Kemiren Village easy to reach
by tourists. The amenities or amenities owned by Kemiren Village are quite complete to
support tourism activities and meet the needs of visiting tourists. Then the ancillaries or
supporting institutions for tourism management of Kemiren Village are very complete, both
from formal and non-formal institutions/organizations and have a high level of community
involvement.
The social impact felt by the people of Kemiren Village from tourism development is
relatively positive. Of the fourteen aspects, namely economic benefits, opportunity costs,
maintenance of facilities, interesting things to do, disturbances, pride, bad behavior,
environment, effects/imagery displayed, price increases, limited access, fairness, new
infrastructure, and the character of the city/region are all well perceived by local communities.
The positive assessment of local communities towards tourism is a very strong supporting
Local Community Perceptions of the Social Impact of Tourism Development in Kemiren Village,
Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency
1065 2, 4., March 2023
factor for Kemiren Village to develop tourism in the future, as well as being a task to keep this
perception from changing.
The recommendation for more sustainable tourism management in Kemiren Village is to
minimize internal problems that exist in several aspects, namely facilities that are vulnerable
to pandemic, the role of managers, the adequacy of community facilities, price strategies, and
equalization of tourism benefits for the entire community. Then Kemiren Village can optimize
efforts to seize opportunities, namely the existence of tourism as a source of business and
community work, support for tourism development, increase community capacity and open
social interaction between the community and tourists.
SUGGESTION
The perception of local people in areas that are developed into tourism destinations is very
necessary. Researching the social impacts felt by local communities can be a form of evaluation
of tourism development. Subsequent research could use indicators or other items to measure
social impact as well as increase the number of samples or informants to sharpen data analysis.
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