JOSR: Journal of Social Research
Desember 2022, 2 (1), 214-223
p-ISSN: 2827-9832 e-ISSN: 2828-335x
Available online at http:// https://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
THE ROLE OF EDUCATORS AS 'AMONG' IN EDUCATION IN THE
ERA OF REVOLUTION 4.0
Roberto Reno Sitepu
Atma Jaya University Yogyakarta
roberto.sitepu@uajy.ac.id
Abstract (English)
Received:
Revised :
Accepted:
November 29,
2022
Desember 01,
2022
Desember 03,
2022
Latar Belakang: Pendidikan merupakan bagian dari hak
asasi bagi seluruh umat manusia. Dewasa ini pendidikan
berhadapan dengan berbagai fenomena sosial seperti “banjir
informasi” dan ‘hoaks’ sehigga para pelajar mengalami
kebingungan dalam menjalani proses pendidikannya.
Terinspirasi dari konsep pendidikan Ki Hadjar Dewantara,
para pendidik dapat memanfaatkan Teknologi Informasi dan
Komunikasi untuk mengupayakan fasilitas, koordinasi, serta
dukungan bagi para pelajar.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini menggambarkan kondisi pendidikan
khususnya bidang teknologi pada era Revolusi.
Metode: Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif
dengan penelitian deskriftif.
Hasil: Perlunya peningkatan informasi pada para pelajar
dengan memanfaatkan teknologi khususnya teknologi
informatika.
Kesimpulan: Peningkatan informasi akan menjadi dinamika
dalam lingkungan akademik terutama bagi kehidupan para
pelajar.
Kata kunci: Among; Revolusi 4.0; Teknologi Informasi dan
Komunikasi; student-centered learning.
Abstract (English)
Background: Education is part of human rights for all
human beings. Nowadays education is dealing with various
social phenomena such as "flood of information" and
"hoaxes" so students experience confusion in going through
the educational process. Inspired by Ki Hadjar
Dewantara's educational concept, educators can utilize
Information and Communication Technology to provide
facilities, coordination, and support for students.
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The Role of Educators as 'Among' in Education in the Era of Revolution 4.0
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Objective: This study describes the condition of education,
especially in the field of technology during the
Revolutionary era.
Methods: Researchers used a qualitative approach with
descriptive research.
Results: The need for increased information on students by
utilizing technology, especially information technology.
Conclusion: Increasing information will become a dynamic
in the academic environment, especially in the lives of
students.
Keywords: Among; Revolution 4.0; Information and
communication technology; student-centered learning
*Correspondent Author: Roberto Reno Sitepu
Email: roberto.sitepu@uajy.ac.id
INTRODUCTION
Education is a process that cannot be separated from human life. "All people have
the right to education", is the content of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights article
26 published in 1948. The right includes three aspects as follows. First, primary education
should be available to everyone. Second, education is directed toward the development of
humanity. Thirdly, parents are the first to have the right to choose the type of education
for their children. In addition, in the document A Human Rights-Based Approach to
Education for All published by the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) it is stated
that the purpose of a human rights-based approach to education is "to ensure all children a
quality education that respects and promotes their right to the highest dignity and
development".
The term 'education' in English translates as 'education'. The word 'education'
comes from the Latin ' Educare' plus the prefix 'e-' so it means "to pull/lead outwards".
Therefore, education can be understood as an effort to 'pull' a person towards awareness at
a certain level so that the person gains awareness of his identity to maximize his potential.
Therefore, education leads to self-awareness and self-fulfillment.
The problem of education today is the circulation of so much information through
mass media supported by technology that people, especially students, find it difficult to sort
out which ones are good, true, and useful for themselves. In ancient times, information was
very limited and the media used to convey it required large funds so that it became a
'privilege' for those who had access to wealth and power. Nowadays everyone can access
information very easily and at a more affordable cost. However, the ease of obtaining
access to information is not based on adequate literacy skills. As a result, the general public
can use information carelessly from the mass media to disseminate it for a specific purpose
without first reviewing the truth of the information. The problem is exacerbated by the
actions of 'individuals' who fill the mass media with misinformation, better known as
'hoaxes'. Therefore, the role of educational institutions is needed not only to provide correct
information but also to educate students to become individuals who can participate in
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preaching the truth and filtering errors in society. For this reason, a simple but deeply rooted
educational concept is needed in the culture of the Indonesian nation to produce students
who can take on this role in society (Topan Yuniarto, 2021).
This paper will first contain the concept of one of the educational experts in the
history of the Indonesian nation, namely Ki Hadjar Dewantara. The next section will
contain an overview of education in the era of Revolution 4.0. Then based on the main
concept of Ki Hadjar Dewantara related to education, it will be explained how technology
can play a role in supporting the educational process. This paper closes with a conclusion.
RESEARCH METHODS
The methods section should be able to describe the research methods used,
including how the procedure is carried out. Tools, materials, media, or research instruments
must be well explained. If there are statistical formulas used as part of the research method,
you should not write down formulas that are already generally accepted.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Results
Education in Indonesia according to Ki Hadjar Dewantara
During the time of Ki Hadjar Dewantara (R. M. Soewardi Surjaningrat, 1889–
1959) the educational atmosphere was influenced by Western (European) concepts due to
Dutch colonialism. According to Dewantara, the concept of Western education applied in
Indonesia at that time was based on governance, discipline, and order (regarding, touch, in
order). Samho and Yasunari commented on the Western style of education applied during
the Dewantara period, "This kind of educational character is in practice a rape of the inner
lives of children. As a result, children are damaged because they always live under
coercion/pressure". So, it can be concluded that the Western educational style applied in
Indonesia during the Dewantara period did not match the culture of the Indonesian nation.
This situation became the background for Dewantara establishing the Taman Siswa School
as an 'alternative' educational institution at that time (Dewantara, 1962).
For Dewantara, education is "a guide in the life of growing children". Dewantara
believes in the ability of students to grow and independently, thus the purpose of education
for Dewantara is to " guide all the forces of nature that are in the children, that they may be
like human beings and as members of the community may be as high as possible a”. This
understanding is derived from pedagogy during the Dewantara period, namely the theory
of convergence (convergentie-theorie). According to this theory, humans are formed by
two elements, namely the "baseline" (default condition/nature) and the "line of behavior"
(environment/state). Dewantara believes that human nature has two sides, namely the
physical side and the spiritual side. The physical side is related to the biological aspects of
man and cannot be changed, while the spiritual side related to intelligence and mind can
change with the influence of education and the environment. Students can grow into good
people naturally, but because of external influences, students can develop into bad people.
The teacher's job is to supervise and direct the natural developmental process. Thus, for
Dewantara education is a guide for students, who naturally already have good qualities, to
master themselves and overcome the bad influences that come from the environment
around students.
The idea of education according to the concept of Dewantara is a human being with
a positive character (ethical). Samho and Yasunari formulated a person with a positive
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character as "a person who can know his nature, respect himself, respect others and his
rights, and respect the preservation of nature". The role of educators (among) in education
for Dewantara is as a personal model of positive character for its students.
The method offered by Dewantara is referred to as "Among". This method is not
based on the concept of "regarding, tucht, en order" as western education but rather "orde
en Vrede" which means order or order and peace. (Dewantara, 1962) Among can be
interpreted as an effort made by parents to take care of their children, especially those who
are still babies. In nurturing students, parents and teachers give students the freedom to
move according to their own will. However, teachers and students will act, also by coercion
when deemed necessary, if the expression of children's freedom has the potential to
endanger their safety, disturb the peace of life of others, or undermine human and natural
values. This praxis of based character education consists of three principles as follows.
First, "Ing ngarso sung tuladha ". This principle means that a teacher should be able to be
an example for his students. In this case, the teacher stands before the students to become
an ideal personality model that becomes the orientation of his personal growth. Second,
"Ing Madya Mangun Karsa". Teachers need to be a person who works among their students
and inspires and motivates students to develop themselves as a whole. In this case, teachers
and students work together to work on a certain goal. Third, "Tut Wuri Handayani".
Teachers need to provide support and motivation for their students to develop
independently so that they become better and even better people than their teachers.
The Era of Revolution 4.0 and Its Effect on Education
According to the Oxford Dictionary, the word 'technology' is understood as "the
application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry". Whereas
the Collins Dictionary defines 'technology' as "methods, systems, and equipment that are
the result of scientific knowledge used for practical purposes". In the Big Dictionary
Indonesian, the term 'technology' is understood as "the whole means of providing the goods
necessary for the survival and comfort of human life". Thus, it can be concluded simply
that 'technology' means the use of scientific knowledge for specific purposes.
There are several types of technology as follows. First, is information technology.
Information technology is a tool used to create, store, and process to obtain the desired
result. Some examples include Personal Computers (PCs), telephones, mobile phones
(mobile phones), radios, sound and video systems, database servers, and technology that
is currently widely used, namely smartphones which are a combination of computers and
mobile phones. Secondly, communication technology. Communication technology
functions to convey data from one piece of equipment to another, for example from one PC
to another. Communication technology is a variation of information technology, so in
general, today information and communication technology are combined into one, for
example in a PC there is an internet connection that can connect between PCs. Some
examples of communication technologies include social media, messaging applications,
teleconferencing, and live chat features. It is this type of technology that will be specifically
discussed in this thesis. Third, is management technology. This type helps people who work
as company managers to obtain better information to be able to produce better decisions.
This technology allows its users to receive and exchange data allowing for more efficient
management. Some examples include Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
programs and Project Management Software. Fourth, Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial
Intelligence is artificial intelligence that allows machines to think as if they were humans,
that is, they can analyze problems, process data, and make decisions automatically.
Nowadays, AI technology is quite popular considering that quite a lot of people access data
on the internet so it requires a sophisticated enough AI to enter user data, process the data,
and provide useful recommendations for its users. Fifth is Blockchain Technology. This
technology is a record of data streams that can be continuously connected and secured using
a technique called cryptography. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that can be accessed
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by various parties to record transactions between two parties efficiently and verifiably and
permanently. This blockchain technology was created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 and is
used as a ledger for bitcoin cryptocurrency public transactions.
Information and communication technology are closely related to the internet and
social media. The progress of human civilization in the field of technology was formulated
by Klaus Schwab in his book entitled The Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the book,
Schwab marks the history of human civilization in the industrial sphere with the four stages
of the industrial revolution. Before the industrial revolution occurred, humans first
experienced the agrarian revolution, which is a stage when humans switched professions
from previously obtaining food from hunting and collecting to the domestication of animals
and plants through animal husbandry and agriculture. This stage does not count as an
industrial revolution because goods are still made manually in homes so as not to allow
mass production, which only happened in the era of the industrial revolution. The first stage
of the industrial revolution is referred to as "Revolution 1.0". This stage occurred from
1760-1840. This revolution was triggered by the invention of the steam engine by James
Watt and the construction of railway infrastructure. This allows production to be
mechanized, that is, using steam engines, replacing manual production done by humans.
The "Revolution 2.0" began in the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century.
This revolution was made possible thanks to the invention of electricity and its lines. This
revolution was then followed by the "Revolution 3.0" which was marked by the invention
of the computer. The revolution that occurred in the 1960s was called the "computer
revolution" or "digital revolution" because it was marked by the discovery of three main
elements in computers, namely semiconductors in the 1960s, Computer Personal Units
(CPUs) in the 1970-1980s, and the internet in the 1990s. Today the world has reached the
current stage of the industrial revolution, which is "Revolution 4.0". The concept of
"Revolution 4.0" was first coined at the "Hannover Fair" in 2011 in Germany. This
revolution has been possible since the invention of "smart factories" that allow production
to be carried out autonomously without human intervention. This fourth industrial
revolution is marked by a wide variety of inventions in the fields of robotics, artificial
intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, the Internet of Things
(IoT), 3D printing, and autonomous vehicles (Astrid Savitri, 2019).
"Revolution 4.0" not only enables connectivity between objects but also further
facilitates relationships between people. In the field of information and communication
technology, this era was marked by the development of smartphones (smartphones).
Through these devices, it is easier for humans to connect through centuries of social media
and applications. Chris Skinner revealed this fact by writing, "... we are building a smart
planet in maan everyone and all objects will connect and communicate with each other
endlessly". Rhenald Kasali in his book entitled
(Avelinus Moat Simon, 2019) The Great
Shifting even said that the control of society, music, movies, commerce, advertising, toys,
politics, matchmaking, and sex moved to digital platforms. On the one hand, this progress
makes human life easier, but on the other hand, it turns out that this progress further
distances man from his fellow man. This phenomenon was realized by Sherry Turkle who
in her book entitled
(Rhenald Kasali, 2018) Alone Together wrote,
“... we expect more from technology and less from each other. This puts us at the
still center of a perfect storm. Overwhelmed, we have been drawn to connections that seem
low risk and always at hand: Facebook friends, avatars, and IRC chat partners. If
convenience and control continue to be our priorities, we shall be tempted by sociable
robots, where, like gamblers at their slot machines, we are promised excitement
programmed in, just enough to keep us in the game. At the robotic moment, we have to be
concerned that the simplification and reduction of relationships are no longer something
we complain about. It may become what we expect, even desire."
(Sherry Turkle, 2011).
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Through this statement, Turkle expressed concern that humans will depend more
on technology than on each other. Human beings have become more resistant to living
alone without their fellows than without information and communication technology.
The development of technology has also shaped the generation of humans. William
Strauss and Neil Howe divided the generation of humans into four which are as follows.
First, the G.I. Generation, or "Greatest Generation" was born between 1901 and 1924. By
the time they matured, this generation experienced the events of World War II and was able
to overcome them until they regained stability in economic and social life. Most of the
technology in those days was used for war purposes and the internet was still not invented
until 1960. Second, the Silent Generation was born between 1925 and 1945. This
generation is called 'silent' because their characteristics are shaped by the assumption that
children should not be seen and listened to so that they grow up to be a generation that is
vigilant, established, and tends to follow the existing system rather than change it. This
generation pioneered internet technology in 1960 with the construction of the Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) by the USA Department of Defense. This
technology then developed into the internet in 1983 by combining it with the Transmission
Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) technology invented by Robert Kahn and
Vinton Cerf in 1970. The third generation is referred to as Baby Boomers born from 1946
to 1964. This generation is so called because in that era many children were born after
prosperity and peace were achieved after World War II. Parents of this generation do not
want their children to experience the suffering they experienced when they were young as
a result of war. In this era, commercial television developed. As adults, this generation
experienced the internet growing with the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim
Berners-Lee in 1990. The fourth generation referred to as Generation X was born in 1965
to 1980. This generation is experiencing growing public distrust of government and politics
and rising divorce rates. As adults, this generation experienced the increasing use of
Personal Computers (PCs) accompanied by the development of the internet. The fifth
generation, namely Generation Y or better known as 'Millennials' was born between 1981
and 1994. This generation grew up when computers have become commonplace and
become part of their daily lives. Nowadays, this generation is familiar with smartphones
and uses various social media such as Facebook, Whatsapp, and Instagram. Finally, the
sixth generation is referred to as Generation Z which was born in 1995 until now. This
generation is commonly referred to as the "i-generation" or "Digital Natives" because they
were born at a time when information and communication technology was developing
rapidly. They have been able to use technology since their childhood. Based on this
explanation, it can be concluded that this era is at least filled by three generations, namely
X, Y, and Z. Generation X is generally the parent of their children which belong to
Generations Y and Z.
The general characteristics of the current generation of human beings also
influence the educational patterns applied to them. Today's education has been influenced
quite a lot by technology. Based on recent studies, students are more likely to use
technology and the way they learn gets its influence from the way they use technology
because using their devices increases students' learning and interactiveness. The role of
technology in education can be formulated in four ways, namely as part of the curriculum,
as a system for delivering lessons, as a teaching aid, and as a means to improve the overall
learning process. The four roles of technology are evident in the dynamics of education
today. Schools in urban areas have generally used modern learning facilities such as
laptops, LCD projectors, CPUs, and the internet. In some schools, some even use the
internet to convey the content of textbooks, reducing the use of paper or an exam sheet so
that the results can be directly obtained by teachers with computer calculations.
The rapid development of information and communication technology today also
shapes the face of education. In the past, education was more directed at teaching children
to use hardware and software to support the educational process which still uses the 'old'
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pattern, namely students absorbing and processing information that is entirely sourced from
teachers. Today, information and communication technologies form a distinct
characteristic of education, namely that learners explore the abundant science and skills
that are freely available on the internet according to their interests and needs. This can be
evidenced by the change in standards set by the (Rhenald Kasali, 2018) International
Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), which is the institution that determines the
standards of technical education in all schools around the world, in 2000 and 2016. In 2000,
ISTE together with the United States Department of Education established competency
standards for students so structured from Pre-kindergarten to class XII. Based on these
standards, children are trained to gradually use hardware and software from computers to
support their learning process in the classroom. Today, the same institutions have changed
those standards. Seven criteria are more flexible to measure information and
communication technology education for students, namely empowered learners, digital
citizens, knowledge constructors, innovative designers, computational thinkers, creative
communicators, and global collaborators. ISTE itself formulated that education in 1998
was focused on "learning to use technology" (learning to use technology) and in 2007
"using technology to learn" (using technology to learn), while in 2016 the goal of education
was "transformative learning with technology."
Concretely, nowadays learning can be made possible online. For example, one of
them is organized by the Santo Aloysius High School (SMA) Bandung. Due to the
coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, learning is carried out online, namely through the
'Scola website. This phenomenon shows that information and communication technology
is not only studied in teaching and learning activities in schools but rather changes the face
of learning itself. Thanks to information and communication technologies learning are
possible independently, but with a clear teaching system and a measurable evaluation.
The use of information and communication technology, especially the internet, in
education, can have a positive impact on students. Neil Selwyn formulates the four positive
impacts of internet use in education as follows. First, the possibility to increase the freedom
of learners from physical restrictions from the real world. Learners can access high-quality
lessons and useful education by reducing barriers to places, geographical conditions, and
places by accessing them via the internet because lessons can be accessed anytime and
anywhere as long as they are connected to the internet. Second, the internet supports a new
culture of learning called "bottom-up" based. This means that learning is derived based on
engagement, research, and collective innovation rather than "top-down" instruction derived
from a learning resource, for example from a teacher to his or her students. Third, the
capacity of the internet to support mass connectivity between society and information
radically affects the relationship between the learner's person and knowledge. The Internet
supports a process of knowledge creation and absorption that is very different from the
epistemological presumptions produced by formal education and mass instruction. Fourth,
the internet can make people's way of learning more personal. Learning is not determined
by a mass curriculum but is adapted to the conditions and needs of the individual who is
learning itself. This allows each individual to organize his or her way of learning and
accumulate knowledge independently without relying on the learning norms and targets set
by the education system.
However, it is undeniable that there are also some problems caused by the use of
information and communication technology in the learning process. John Palfrey and Urs
Gasser formulated three problems that can result from modern learning utilizing the
internet. First, the problem posed by the tendency to multitask is to do several things at
once simultaneously at about the same time. For example, if students use the internet while
studying in class, they have the potential to do and access lessons and social networking
sites, games, music, and so on. This tendency reduces the student's focus when taking the
lesson. Second, the previous problem resulted in a weaker ability of learners to concentrate
because they had "short attention spans". This has resulted in today's learners being more
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likely to read short scientific writings than thick books, as well as other forms of learning
materials in the form of text, audio, and video. It also affects the way they communicate.
Nowadays, young people tend to prefer listening to podcasts, which are short recordings,
rather than radio broadcasts or taking lessons that can take hours. Third, technology can
lead learners to a "copy and paste" culture. Nowadays, in creating assignments, students
tend to copy and link material from the internet easily, sometimes without even including
the source of the internet site where they obtained the information. This problem has led to
a diminishing of the originality of scientific writings produced by today's learners.
A more fundamental issue related to education today was also raised by Yuval
Noah Harari in his book entitled Homo Deus. Harari concluded that education is concerned
with who or what is the source of meaning as well as the authority that determines that
meaning. Harari describes that in medieval times the source of authority was a fairly solid
institution, for example, the Roman Catholic Church, so education at that time was directed
at the cultivation of obedience, memorization, and understanding of the text of the
Scriptures, as well as the study of ancient traditions such as Hebrew, Greek, and Roman.
In the modern era, which began during the development of humanism thought, this
authority was shifted to the man himself so that even in education man was directed to
listen to himself as the source of truth. But in the era of the development of information
and communication technology, Harari argues, that experts, especially biologists,
increasingly agree that humans are algorithms so it opens up the possibility for technology
to manipulate both human physical and mental situations. This way of thinking also affects
the perspective on education. Harari considers that education in the past, and also still lived
by some current institutions, is too focused on the process of providing information to
students and assessing how that information is remembered and understood by students.
Nowadays, information can be obtained easily thanks to the help of information and
communication technologies so the role of educational institutions as providers of
information has become less relevant. Therefore, Harari argues that today's education needs
to be directed towards "the ability to understand information, to distinguish between what
is important and what is not important, and above all to combine a lot of information into
a broad picture of the world". Thus, it can be concluded that education today no longer
plays a role in providing information for students to remember and understand, because
this role has been taken over by information and communication technology, on the
contrary, education plays a more role in shaping the characteristics and competencies of
students to face the development of today's world, namely by continuing to learn and
adjusting to the situation and needs of society based on what they learn (Harari, 2018).
Ki Hadjar Dewantara's Thoughts as Inspiration for Education in the 4.0 Era
Nowadays, a new educational concept has emerged, namely Student-Centered
Learning. The essence of the concept is that in education the teacher is no longer the only
source of learning in the classroom, but learners can gain knowledge and experience
independently from their own experience. In this understanding, the role of educators is to
facilitate, coordinate, and support students in the educational process they are currently
undergoing. The concept can be included in the framework of the concept of 'Among'
according to Ki Hadjar Dewantara, namely "Ing Ngarso Sung Tuladha", "Ing Maya
Mangun Karsa", and "Tut Wuri Handayani". In this section, it will be explained concretely
the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in supporting the role of
educators in assisting the student learning process.
The essence of the concept of "Ing Ngarso Sung Tuladha" is the role of the educator
as a "role model" or role model for his students. Before the existence of ICT, an example
was generally given by the presence of teachers in person in class and meeting with their
students. Nowadays, with a large number of students and not balanced with the number and
quality of adequate educators, it is difficulty for the student education process. In this case,
educators can take advantage of ICT by providing 'tutorials'. According to the Cambridge
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Dictionary, the term 'tutorial' can be understood as a document or site on a computer that
shows how to use a product in a series of simple stages. One alternative that can be used is
a website called Khan Academy. The site contains video tutorials and practical exercises
that can be used by educators to provide examples of working on a problem accompanied
by exercises that can be done by students and used by educators to evaluate the learning
process. In addition, educators can also take advantage of social media that are popular
today such as Youtube, Instagram, or Tiktok to share their experiences and inspirations
related to the learning materials that are currently in the students.
The concept of "Ing Madyo Mangun Karso" means that educators walk with
students and become a means of connecting students with diverse interests and talents to
learn and collaborate. The concrete form of the role of this educator is the Merdeka Belajar
dan Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program pursued by the Indonesian Ministry of Education,
Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek). Through this program, the
Ministry of Education and Culture facilitates students to conduct independent studies,
conduct internships, and participate in interuniversity and interregional student exchange
programs. In this way, students can have more knowledge, experience, and relationships as
widely as possible so that they have more preparation when entering the world of work or
service in the community.
In addition to examples and wide opportunities to seek experience and networking,
educators also need to remember to strive for "Tut Wuri Handayani" which is to provide
motivation and support for students to move forward. One of the issues that are quite
interesting for students, who in general are teenagers who are still in the character-building
stage is depression. In short, depression is a mental illness that occurs when a person feels
sadness and worry for a long period so that they are unable to live their life normally. In
general, educational institutions such as schools and universities will seek to help students
overcome these problems through direct counseling with teachers, counselors, or
psychiatrists at the school or campus. However, there is a tendency for students to be
reluctant to use the facility because they feel uncomfortable or worried about negative
views from others if they openly see a psychiatrist at school. Therefore, teachers can use
communication media such as Whatsapp, Google Meet, or Zoom to hold indirect meetings
to help students overcome their problems. In addition, students can also suggest various
sites providing psychiatric consultation services online, for example, One Percent. In this
way, it is hoped that educators will not only help students to progress and develop, but also
have a more mature person and be more resistant to the various pressures that they currently
face and later in life.
CONCLUSION
The development of the times in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has had a
significant impact on various aspects of human life, one of which is education. An ancient
educational model that was oriented towards educators and emphasized acceptance and
remembering information by learners needs to be abandoned. Educators can take advantage
of technology, especially ICT in pursuing an educational process by providing facilities,
coordination, and support for students. In this way, the educational process is not only a
dynamic that occurs in academic environments such as schools and universities but rather
becomes a continuous process in the concrete life of students.
Roberto Reno Sitepu / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 214-223
The Role of Educators as 'Among' in Education in the Era of Revolution 4.0
223
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© 2021 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the
terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA)
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
