JOSR: Journal of Social Research
Desember 2022, 2 (1), 104-116
p-ISSN: 2827-9832 e-ISSN: 2828-335x
Available online at http:// https://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
FACTORS THAT BECOME A DARK TOURIST ATTRACTION
IN THE AREA OF MOUNT MERAPI YOGYAKARTA
Kallistus Brian Sadhana
Master of Tourism Study Program
Ambarrukmo Tourism College Yogyakarta
kallistusbrays@gmail.com
Abstract (Indonesia)
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
November 28,
2022
November 30,
2022
Desember 02,
2022
Latar Belakang: Pada hakikatnya, wisata kelam merupakan
jenis wisata yang menyimpang karena secara konsep berbeda
dengan konsep wisata pada umumnya. Konsep wisata pada
dasarnya yaitu berlibur guna mencari suatu hiburan, namun
konsep wisata kelam justru sebaliknya, para wisatawan yang
berkunjung jarang menemukan kesan menyenangkan.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan
motivasi wisatawan mengunjungi wisata kelam di kawasan
Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta serta mendeskripsikan faktor-
faktor yang menjadi daya tarik wisata kelam di kawasan
Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta.
Metode: Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif.
Sebuah metode penelitian yang dipakai untuk mempelajari
keadaan objek alam, narasumber sebagai instrumen kunci,
teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah dengan triangulasi, sifat
analisis datanya induktif, dan hasil penelitian cenderung
mengutamakan faedah bukan generalisasi. Teknik
pengambilan data melalui observasi langsung di lokasi,
wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan dokumentasi berupa
referensi, kutipan, dan gambar atau foto. Teknik analisis data
dengan mereduksi data, kemudian data disusun secara
sistematis, setelah itu verifikasi agar data bisa divalidasi.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa wisatawan
memiliki ketertarikan untuk mengunjungi wisata kelam di
kawasan Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta dilandasi oleh empat
motivasi, yakni; rasa keingintahuan, eksplorasi, refleksi diri,
dan spiritual. Selanjutnya, ditemukan enam faktor yang
menjadi daya tarik wisata kelam di kawasan Gunung Merapi
Yogyakarta, yakni; historis, objek wisata baru, kondisi
alamiah, petualangan, edukasi, dan mitos.
Kesimpulan: Hasil dari penelitian dan pembahasan yang
sudah dipaparkan sebelumnya bisa disimpulkan bahwa,
otivasi wisatawan mengunjungi wisata kelam di kawasan
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 105
Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta yang pertama ialah rasa
keingintahuan.
Kata kunci: faktor daya tarik, motivasi wisatawan, wisata
kelam, kawasan gunung merapi yogyakarta
Abstract (English)
Background: In essence, dark tourism is a type of tourism
that diverges because it is conceptually different from the
concept of tourism in general. The concept of tourism is a
vacation to find entertainment, but the concept of dark
tourism is just the opposite, tourists who visit rarely find a
pleasant impression.
Purpose: This study aims to explain the motivation of
tourists to visit dark tourism in the Mount Merapi area of
Yogyakarta and describe the factors that become the
attraction of dark tourism in the Mount Merapi area of
Yogyakarta.
Methods: This type of research uses qualitative methods. A
research method used to study the state of natural objects,
the resource person as a key instrument, the data collection
technique is by triangulation, the nature of data analysis is
inductive, and research results tend to prioritize benefits,
not generalizations. Data retrieval techniques through on-
site observation, unstructured interviews, and
documentation in the form of references, citations, and
images or photos. Data analysis techniques are by reducing
data, then the data is arranged systematically, after that
verification so that the data can be validated.
Results: The results of the study explained that tourists have
an interest in visiting dark tourism in the Mount Merapi
area of Yogyakarta based on four motivations, namely;
curiosity, exploration, self-reflection, and spirituality.
Furthermore, six factors were found that became the dark
tourist attraction in the Mount Merapi area of Yogyakarta:
historical, new attractions, natural conditions, adventure,
education, and myths.
Conclusion: The results of the research and discussion that
have been previously presented can be concluded that the
first activity of tourists visiting dark tourism in the Mount
Merapi area of Yogyakarta is a sense of curiosity.
Keywords: attractiveness factor, tourist motivation, dark
tourism, mount Merapi area Yogyakarta
*Correspondent Author: Kallistus Brian Sadhana
Email: kallistusbrays@gmail.com
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 106
INTRODUCTION
Yogyakarta has full advantages in the field of tourism. Besides being known as a
student city, it is also known for its tourism potential which has various tourist attractions.
Various types of tourism that are popular in Yogyakarta are natural tourism, historical
tourism, cultural tourism, culinary tourism, and religious tourism. Of the various types of
tourism, it also has many popular tourist attractions that can make local and foreign tourists
interested in visiting. Almost every day it is always crowded with local and foreign tourists,
as well as the number of tourist villages that have sprung up and continue to develop into
one alternative tourist attraction favored by tourists. So with the many popular tourist
attractions in Yogyakarta, it becomes a tourist attraction for tourists to come to do
recreation, and nothing but look for entertainment and fun. A tourist attraction is everything
in the location that provides beauty, and value in the form of a variety of natural luxuries
or made by people that are alluring and have value to be met or seen, or noticed by tourists
(Utama & SE, 2015).
On the other hand, in addition to the tourist attractions in Yogyakarta as mentioned
above, there are tourist attractions that are different or unusual from other tourist attractions
in general, namely the Mount Merapi area after the eruption. In 2006, Mount Merapi
experienced an eruption and in 2010 there was a natural disaster of volcanic earthquakes
from Mount Merapi. Most of the places around were exposed to hot clouds and cold lava
which resulted in many settlements or residents' homes being destroyed and also costing
many lives. However, after the incident passed, it grabbed the attention of many people.
Not few people are also curious to visit to witness the places affected by natural disasters.
Even today, places affected by natural disasters have become destinations for people to
travel. If the places affected by the disaster become a tourist destination, then these tourist
attractions can be said to be dark tourist destinations of the dark camps of genocide type
(Komsary, 2017).
Related to the natural disaster event, the volcanic earthquake from Mount Merapi
that occurred also had an impact on the tourism sector, especially tourism around the
location. The negative impact on tourism around the Mount Merapi area after the eruption
resulted in several tourist destinations around the location being destroyed and many could
no longer operate. On the other hand, the positive impact on tourism around the Mount
Merapi area after the eruption is that places affected by disasters can be managed and
processed into new tourist destinations or special tourist destinations. Post-natural disaster
areas can become new tourist destinations for the tourism industry (Suhartini & Arifiyanti,
2019).
A dark tour is a trip to a place where there is a tragedy or story about a tragic human
death and the activity of strengthening the memory of events and victims at the location
(Damanik, 2012). There, tourists tend not to be presented with pleasure, excitement, or joy,
but on the contrary, they are presented with matters related to dark times, natural disasters,
former wars, and tragedies of grief. Activities that are usually carried out by tourists in dark
tourist destinations are pilgrimages, interpreting incidents that have occurred in the past
and empathizing with victims due to tragedies that are in that location. Dark tourism can
be said to have a close relationship with historical and educational tourism. Although
tourists who visit dark tourist destinations get a little pleasant holiday experience, tourists
get satisfaction such as obtaining historical and educational aspects in it. Tourists generally
visit to find entertainment, not wanting to run observations or research. The concept of dark
tourism is fundamentally contradictory or seems negative or strange (Muktaf, 2017). In
general, individuals or groups of individuals carry out tourist activities aimed at recreation,
seeking entertainment, fun, and relaxation to unwind, or leaving a burden for a moment
from daily activities. Tourism as a trip from region to region is temporary, carried out
individually or in groups aimed at finding happiness, harmony, or balance, with a scope in
natural, social, cultural, and educational dimensions (Jamaluddin et al., 2021).
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 107
Dark tourism has a uniqueness about tourist attractions that are different and
unusual compared to the tourist attractions owned by each other type of tourism in general.
However, it is necessary to know that with the unusual attraction in dark tourism, this
matter is the potential in itself to attract attention and be able to increase the interest of
tourist visits. Several catastrophic incidents and dark tragedies that have occurred have
resulted in people's curiosity about the impact caused.
Based on the existing background description, it is known that the concept of dark
tourism is somewhat contrary to other tourism concepts in general. In addition, the tourist
attraction in dark tourism is also different and unusual from the tourist attraction owned by
every other type of tourism in general. There are even people or people who think that the
concept of tourism is considered deviant. Although dark tourism can indeed be said to be
a strange type of tourism compared to other types of tourism until now this type of tourism
that is fairly strange has turned out to be able to attract or lure tourists to visit dark tourist
destinations. Interestingly, dark tourist attractions in the Mount Merapi area of Yogyakarta
are always crowded with tourists, be they domestic or foreign. Therefore, this study was
made aimed at explaining the motivation of tourists to visit the dark tourist destinations of
the Mount Merapi Yogyakarta area, as well as describe the factors that are the dark tourist
attractions in the Mount Merapi Yogyakarta area.
RESEARCH METHODS
This research is included in the qualitative research category because this research
uses primary and secondary data. The study used primary data and secondary data as data
sources. Primary data were obtained directly from the results of observations and conducted
interviews with informants or respondents by observing tourist motives and observing
tourist attractions at the object of the study location. In addition to using primary data, the
study also used secondary data in the form of documentation, support from the internet
such as scientific articles or journals, and several reference books that have synchronous
citations in their contents.
Among the key players in this thesis research is the Caretaker of Mount Merapi,
the lava tour guide, and the SAR DIY Commander.
Table
No
Sources
Position
1.
Mas Bekel Anom
Suraksosihono / Mas
Asih
Caretaker of Mount
Merapi
2.
Miskam Nur Ihsan
Lava Tour Guide
3.
Drs. Brotoseno, M.Si
DIY SAR
Commander
Source: Author's processed data (2021)
To obtain complete and clear data, if in this study using data collection techniques
as follows observation, interviews, and documentation.
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 108
The data analysis technique in this study refers to the version according to (Miles
et al., 2018) which states that data collection in qualitative research is through observation,
interviews, citations, and document digests. Reviews in qualitative research are mostly
words instead of numbers. Therefore, the collected data must be processed first and
analyzed before it can be used. The proposed format of (Miles et al., 2018) generally uses
an analysis version as follows data reduction, data presentation, and verification
conclusions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tourist Attractions of Mount Merapi Museum
Mount Merapi Museum is a tourist destination created in the Merapi area to provide
answers about the impact of a disaster packaged in the form of interesting information is
one of the factors that make MGM one of the dark tours in the area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta. Tourist Attraction (DTW) is assembled in the form of sustainable
conservation education vehicles along with developing knowledge of volcanic disasters,
volcanic earthquakes, and other natural disasters.
The quality of a tourist attraction can increase the interest in visiting potential
visitors or tourists. The quality in question is seen from aspects related to art or culture,
facilities, and infrastructure, which are in the museum worth finding or not feasible. From
the development of aspects and the implementation of marketing actions, it is hoped that it
will be able to foster the desire of tourists to visit and is expected to affect the additional
income of the region and provide opportunities for people to work in the museum.
Opportunities and Challenges of My Remnant Mini Museum
Attractions of the Mini Museum of Sisa Hartaku
The name of this tourist attraction is commonly abbreviated as MMSH, a museum
that stores objects or items left over from post-eruption relics. The building also includes
the remains of post-eruption relics, but only leaves the wall. In addition to objects, there
are also skeletal remains of farm animals that were burned due to being hit by hot clouds.
For now, MMSH is quite crowded with tourists. Therefore, various facilities that can be
used by tourists have been provided such as food stalls. So the tourists who visit can be
better served while eating the food around the tour. The Mini Museum of Sisa Hartaku is
stunning to be used as a destination to fill time and live a variety of activities. Even though
it is only in the form of collapses or remnants of building debris, tourists are still
enthusiastic about the uniqueness of MMSH.
Figure 4 Front View of the Mini Museum Sisa Hartaku Gambar 5 Collection of the Mini Museum Sisa Hartaku
Source: Personal Documentation Source: Personal Documentation
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
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Figure 6 Merapi Message for visitors Figure 7 Bukti hours during the Merapi eruption incident
Source: Personal Documentation Source:Personal Documentation
Various activities that tourists can do when visiting this destination are looked
through collections, self-reflection, and take photos or videos.
Opportunities and Challenges of Petilasan Mbah Maridjan
In addition to the Mini Museum Sisa Hartaku, in the route of the Merapi lava tour
jeep tour package, there is also one of the tourist attractions that has a dark tourism concept,
namely, Petilasan Mbah Maridjan to commemorate and honor one of the Caretakers of
Mount Merapi who became a victim of the ferocity of the eruption of Mount Merapi in
2010 ago, in addition to increasing tourist visits on the Merapi lava tour.
This tourist attraction is located in the former complex where Mbah Maridjan lives
which collapsed due to the eruption of Mount Merapi. Petilasan is now a new tourist
attraction because it has a pavilion building as a sacred place of Mbah Maridjan. There is
also a room filled with items destroyed by the eruption. The location of Petilasan Mbah
Maridjan is located in the Merapi lava tour area, precisely in Kinahrejo Hamlet,
Umbulharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta.
Figure IV.8 Front View of Petilasan Mbah Maridjan
Source: Personal Documentation
Implementation of the Dark Tourism Concept in the Mount Merapi Area of
Yogyakarta
Social Aspects
The social aspect has a crucial role to help the performance of the sustainable
tourism sector. The social aspect not only identifies stakeholders but also organizes to
obtain maximum benefits for each stakeholder. Stakeholders in the sustainable tourism
sector overshadow anyone who influences and is influenced by the tourism sector and who
is at the forefront of course are residents who are indigenous people who are around the
tourist destination area.
The direction of the concept of dark tourism in principle departs from
understanding and folklore based on a tragedy or disaster in the community It is also in line
with the principle of regional autonomy where tourism activities naturally always intersect
and are always attached to the culture of the local community. In terms of this relationship,
tourism is a tool for culture arising from the impact of a disaster. Therefore, cultural use
cannot be avoided, but often the use of culture has a positive impact because it is achieved
in the name of preservation (Nugroho Iwan, 2011).
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Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
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In recent decades, the implementation of dark tours in the area of Mount Merapi is
packaged and wrapped in the form of a Jeep Lava Tour tour package. In its development,
it faces many shifts in trends in the form of modernization which causes many people to
have an uncharacteristic thinking paradigm. Many updates occurred that had the effect of
creating a new lifestyle conception that prioritized the material and physical. This certainly
gives rise to a polemic of a dichotomy between traditional and modern life principles which
boils down to an identity crisis.
This mass transformation is certainly triggered by advances in technology and
information so that people can easily connect tourists with the destinations to be visited so
that tourists have an interest in visiting tourist destinations with a dark tourist concept in
the Mount Merapi area.
Economic Aspects
Economic benefits in tourist destinations are not only weighed through a market
approach. Because the effort to improve the economy in the smallest scope or the local
community, in general, is to calculate their role and culture in the role of conservation in
the environment and whether with the presence of a tourist attraction that has been
packaged in such a way as a tourist destination can or can improve the standard of living
of the community and is evidenced by the increase or variety of new job opportunities that
may not have existed before and able to unravel poverty, reduce inequalities between one
community and another living around the tourist area.
In the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, the management of tourist destinations in the
Mount Merapi area, including those with a dark tourism concept, has undergone several
changes in response to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting from new habits
and also the ability of tourists to buy tour packages offered.
Environmental Aspects
Tourism is based on the awareness that humans and the natural environment are a
unified living system, especially those related to the impact of natural disasters. Tourism is
developed with the principle of a balance between taking benefits and the obligation to
maintain nature. Thus, environmental sustainability can be guaranteed so that it can be
benefited both now and future generations sustainably and equitably. The natural
environment is limited and difficult to renew. Therefore, utilization should consider the
limitations of natural resources. One of the principles that must be used is to control the
desire to consume so that the fulfillment of consumption does not exceed the limitations of
natural resources themselves.
Physical development is certainly inevitable in the development of the tourism
industry. However, this can also be done while still balancing technical and socio-cultural
aspects. The technical aspect is relatively fulfilled by the analysis of environmental effects
(AMDAL) which has become an absolute provision in every development. However,
horizontal aspects related to socio-culture must also be considered so that there is no
friction with the local community. In addition to making determinations on land division,
the carrying capacity of the territory also needs to be considered in detail. This is related
for example to the availability of water and the ability of the environment/nature to
accommodate tourists without damaging or disturbing the existence and sustainability of
the environment in the region in the future. The carrying capacity of the environment is one
of the reference indicators for sustainable tourism management and has a dark tourism
concept.
Based on the results of an interview with one of the tour managers, he said that
initially the implementation of restrictions on the number of tourist visits had been carried
out in the early days of opening tourist areas. This restriction on the number of tourist visits
was also carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
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The Role of Stakeholders in the Development of Dark Tourism as a Tourist
Destination in the Mount Merapi Area of Yogyakarta
The tourism sector always needs cooperation between two or more parties and
always needs other sectors. The tourism business is very difficult if it is cultivated with
only one or two interested parties. Therefore, this synergy must be supported and
maintained by government policies that are conducive to the sustainability of the tourism
sector so that the climate does not cause conflicts in the future which are usually triggered
by differences in viewpoints and end in miscommunication or misunderstandings. The
government should be able to maintain this balance by implementing policies that are not
harmful to one party, either entrepreneurs or tourism managers with the people in the area.
Efforts to involve local communities have complex challenges because of the
different points of view of each party towards the presence of the tourism sector in their
residences. However, if realized, it becomes an important instrument for the sustainability
of sustainable management of tourist destinations. The roles of stakeholders in the Mount
Merapi Area and the results of observations and direct interviews of researchers with
resource persons are as follows;
Caretaker of Mount Merapi
Speaker I : Mas Bekel Anom Suraksosihono / Mas Asih
Position : Caretaker of Mount Merapi
Date & Time : April 11, 2022, 16.00 WIB
Table IV. 2 Results of Interviews with Merapi Caretaker Speakers
No.
Question
Answer
1.
What makes tourists
interested in visiting
dark tours in the Mount
Merapi area?
The emergence of several new tourist destinations
after the tragedy of the eruption of Mount Merapi in
2010, for example, such as; Mini Museum Sisa
Hartaku, Museum Omahku Memoriku, Petilasan
Mbah Maridjan, Tomb of Mbah Maridjan, Alien
Stone, Kaliadem Bunker, and Lava Tour.
2.
What criticisms and
suggestions do you want
to convey about dark
tourism in the Mount
Merapi area?
First, for the government; The new tourist
destinations formed after the eruption are still largely
self-managed by residents and there is no cooperation
with the government. Then, there has been no
government action to help improve road access,
especially in the Mount Merapi area. Therefore, if the
government follows up on the improvement of access
roads, tourists will be more comfortable and safer
when visiting. In addition, evacuation routes will also
be more accessible.
Second, the managers; reiterate not to demonize each
other's tourist destinations. The managers already
have their location and should be managed as well as
wisely, because it is income or income for
themselves.
Source: Author's processed data (2022)
From the results of interviews with speakers, conclusions can be drawn in
managing and developing a tourism concept, especially in dark tourism. Local
Governments and Tourism Area Managers must synergize with each other and work for
hand in hand to make tourist areas more stunning and have quality selling points. Then
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 112
automatically the interest of tourists to visit the area will increase. The increase in the
number of tourists encourages the increasing welfare of residents and surrounding areas.
Lava Tour Guide Merapi
Speaker II : Miskam Nur Ihsan
Job Title : Lava Tour Guide
Date & Time : April 11, 2022, 17.00 WIB
Table IV. 3 Results of Interviews with Tour Guide Speakers
No.
Question
Answer
1.
What makes tourists interested
in visiting dark tours in the
Mount Merapi area?
The emergence of several new tourist
destinations after the tragedy of the eruption of
Mount Merapi in 2010, for example, such as;
Mini Museum Sisa Hartaku, Museum Omahku
Memoriku, Petilasan Mbah Maridjan, Tomb of
Mbah Maridjan, Alien Stone, Kaliadem Bunker,
and Lava Tour.
The mystery of a Merapi Message Inscription is
written in Javanese as if the essence of the
message has a relevant relationship with the
nature of Merapi.
2.
What motivates tourists to
visit dark tours in the Mount
Merapi area?
Tourists are curious about the condition of the
place affected by the natural disaster of the
volcanic earthquake or the eruption of Mount
Merapi in 2010.
Tourists are curious about the dark history that
exists in the Mount Merapi area after the
eruption in 2010.
Tourists want to know what impacts were
caused by the eruption of Mount Merapi in
2010.
Tourists want to know more about the story and
profile of Mbah Maridjan, the caretaker who
died during the eruption of Mount Merapi in
2010.
3.
What activities are in demand
by tourists when visiting dark
tours in the Mount Merapi
area?
Pilgrimage to the tomb of Mbah Maridjan, the
caretaker who died due to the eruption of Mount
Merapi in 2010.
Driving around using a jeep car to the Mount
Merapi area which was affected by the eruption
in 2010.
Witness firsthand archaeological sites such as
historical relics or artifacts caused by the
eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010.
Self-reflection.
4.
What is the
difference/advantage/potential
of dark tourism in the Mount
Merapi area that is rarely
owned by other tourist
attractions in general?
The dark tourism potential in the Mount Merapi
area that is most prominent in contrast to other
tourist attractions, in general, is its uniqueness
and peculiarity, which is a tourist concept that is
contrary to other tourism concepts in general.
The concept of dark tourism can be said to be an
anti-mainstream tourism concept.
Source: Author's processed data (2022)
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Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 113
From the results of interviews with speakers, it can be concluded that in a Mount
Merapi Area, there is a lot of potentials and high selling value in tourist attractions and
historical and cultural relics, especially in dark tourism. In this case, the tourism site
manager must optimize the existing potential, as well as carry out updates by synergizing
with technological advances. So that later many tourists understand what dark and menja
tourism are in one of the selected destinations.
SAR Yogyakarta Special Region
Speaker III : Drs. Brotoseno, M.Si
Position : DIY SAR Commander
Date & Time : April 10, 2022, 7:30 PM
Table IV. 4 Results of Interviews with DIY SAR Speakers
No.
Question
Answer
1.
What makes tourists interested in
visiting dark tours in the Mount
Merapi area?
The emergence of several new tourist
destinations after the tragedy of the eruption
of Mount Merapi in 2010, for example, such
as; Mini Museum Sisa Hartaku, Museum
Omahku Memoriku, Petilasan Mbah
Maridjan, Tomb of Mbah Maridjan, Alien
Stone, and Lava Tour.
2.
What criticisms and suggestions
do you want to convey about dark
tourism in the Mount Merapi
area?
First, the government; Improve services and
add facilities for volunteers who are around
the site. Because so far volunteers such as the
SAR team still lack the support and
appreciation of the local government.
Second, jeep managers on the lava tour; Hold
coaching or training, especially for Jeep
drivers in the lava tour area to be more
professional in driving jeeps when carrying
passengers or tourists, aiming to minimize
accidents. Because so far jeep activities in
the lava tour area are not uncommon to have
accidents.
Third, for the tourists; Since Mount Merapi
is one of the most active volcanoes in
Indonesia, tourists are urged to always be
aware of the status of the mountain. In
addition, please obey the rules or directions
that exist when Mount Merapi is vulnerable.
Source: Author's processed data (2022)
From the results of interviews with speakers, conclusions can be drawn in
managing and developing a tourism concept, especially in dark tourism. Local Government
and the tourism site manager must synergize with each other and work hand in hand to
make the tourist area more stunning and have a quality selling point. Plus you have to pay
attention to the safety and comfort aspects for both the organizers and tourists, of course,
the interest of tourists to visit the event will automatically increase. This is based on the
sense of security and comfort that has been given by the management of the tour crew. The
increase in the number of tourists encourages the increasing welfare of residents and
surrounding areas.
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Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 114
Mount Merapi Museum Tourists
Nama : Reza
Age : 25 years old
Gender : Male
Occupation : Self-employed
Domicile : Yogyakarta
Date & Time : March 1, 3, 2022, 1 0.30 WIB
Table IV. 5 Interview Results with Tourists of Mount Merapi Museum
No.
Question
Answer
1.
What motivates tourists to visit
the Mount Merapi Museum?
Curious to know the contents of the museum
2.
What attractions are there in the
Mount Merapi Museum?
Remains of objects affected by the Merapi
eruption, Miniature of Mount Merapi,
Documentary about Volcanoes and Mount
Merapi
Source: Author's processed data (2022)
Tourists of the Mini Museum of My Remains
Nama : Princess
Age : 22 years old
Gender : Female
Occupation : Student
Domicile : Out of Town
Date & Time : May 1 5, 2022, 10. 00 PM
Table IV. 6 Interviews with Tourists of the Mini Museum of My Remains
No.
Question
Answer
1.
What motivates tourists to visit
the Sisa Hartaku Mini Museum?
Are curious to know the locations affected by
the Merapi eruption, want to explore the
locations affected by the Merapi eruption,
want to research locations to add knowledge
and insight
2.
What attractions are there in the
Sisa Hartaku Mini Museum?
Relics of residents' homes along with objects
belonging to residents exposed to hot clouds
are preserved, Merapi Message Inscription
Source: Author's processed data (2022)
Tourists Petilasan Mbah Maridjan
Nama : Gofur
Age : 23 years old
Gender : Male
Occupation : Student
Domicile : Yogyakarta
Date & Time : May 1, 5, 2022, 1 1.30 WIB
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 115
Table IV. 7 Interview Results with Petilasan Mbah Maridjan Tourists
No.
Question
Answer
1.
What motivates tourists to visit
Petilasan Mbah Maridjan?
Curious to know the condition of the caretaker's
house exposed to hot clouds, want to research
the condition of the caretaker's house exposed to
hot clouds
2.
What attractions are there in
Petilasan Mbah Maridjan?
Former caretaker's stopover site exposed to hot
clouds preserved, Remains of caretaker's relics
exposed to hot clouds preserved
Source: Author's processed data (2022)
CONCLUSION
A. Conclusion
The results of the research and discussion that have been previously presented can
be concluded that the first activity of tourists visiting dark tourism in the Mount Merapi
area of Yogyakarta is a sense of curiosity. Curiosity about the events that occurred, wanting
to understand more deeply about the events that occurred as a lesson, wanting to know what
happened, and wanting to know evidence or artifacts due to events, is the motivation of
tourists to visit dark tours in Mount Merapi area of Yogyakarta the second is exploration.
Explore or search for something in a location that has never been encountered or has never
been known. Usually, someone who explores aims to add to the experience as a satisfaction
in itself, the third motivation for tourists to visit dark tours in the Mount Merapi area of
Yogyakarta is self-reflection. Self-understanding to remember the victims, empathize with
the victims, feel more grateful to interpret the tragedy that occurred, as part of the known
history, and tell the next generation about the events that occurred, the motivation of
tourists to visit dark tours in the area of Mount Merapi Yogyakarta is spiritual. Most
tourists, especially those who recognize the late Mbah Maridjan, the caretaker who died as
a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi, are encouraged to make a pilgrimage to the burial
place of Mbah Maridjan. Because he was a figure who in his time had a great influence on
the community, of course on the local people.
B. Suggestion
1. For Tourism Managers or Stakeholders
Tourism managers or local stakeholders are encouraged to pay more attention to
the awareness that there are various reasons for tourists to visit dark tourist destinations in
the Mount Merapi area. It was revealed by the results of the study that the indications of
death, sadness, and suffering but the historical side and natural conditions are some of its
tourist attractions. Similarly, the various tourist attractions cause curiosity or curiosity, to
explore as a motive for tourists to visit the dark tourism of the Mount Merapi area.
Therefore, tourism managers or local stakeholders can maintain and do not rule out the
possibility of developing management and preservation related to the surrounding natural
conditions.
2. For the Government
As stated by the first speaker or Mbah Asih the caretaker of Merapi in the interview
above, some of the dark tourist attractions in the Mount Merapi area still have not received
assistance or cooperation from the government. Then, there has been no follow-up on
improving road access around tourist sites and access to evacuation routes, even though
there has been a collection of tourist levies from the government. Hopefully, with this
complaint, the local government will take immediate action.
Kallistus Brian Sadhana / JOSR: Journal of Social Research, 2(1), 104-116
Factors that Become a Dark Tourist Attraction in the Area of Mount Merapi
Yogyakarta 116
3. For Travellers
It is hoped that with the potential for tourism that can provide education about
knowledge related to dark history, tourists can respond to this matter while still prioritizing
ethics and can wisely take wisdom from the experience gained while on site and after.
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© 2021 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the
terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA)
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).