JOSR: Journal of Social Research
November 2022, 1 (12),535-542
p-ISSN: 2827-9832 e-ISSN: xxxx-xxxx
Available online at http:// https://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
THE PHENOMENON THAT INFLUENCED THE
DEVELOPMENT OF COOL JAPAN IN INDONESIA
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
1,2,3,4
Fitri @gmail.com
1,
aditya prayoga
@gmail.com
2
, ayu alfi syahrina
@gmail.com
3
,nadya salma salsabila @gmail.com
4
Abstrak (indonesia)
Received:28
Oktober
2022
Revised :31
Oktober
2022
Accepted:03
November
2022
Latar Belakang: Seperti yang telah diketahui bahwa
Jepang memiliki banyak budaya unik yang dapat
menarik orang-orang dari negara lain.
Tujuan: tujuan untuk menyebarkan budaya Jepang
melalui promosi di sektor industri kreatif ke penjuru
dunia. Yang ingin dicapai oleh Cool Japan adalah
untuk mendapatkan pengaruh dari negara lain dan
mempertahankan statusnya sebagai negara cultural
superpower (Tao, 2018).
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode
penelitian Deskriptif. Metode ini dapat memaparkan
hasil penelitian secara naratif terhadap sesuatu yang
diteliti.
Hasil: hasil penelitian secara naratif terhadap sesuatu
yang diteliti. Pada penelitian ini diawali dengan
pengumpulan data dan informasi yang berkaitan
dengan objek penelitian sebagai landasan.
Kesimpulan: Jepang yang merupakan salah satu
negara yang memiliki kekuatan utama berupa
banyaknya jenis kebudayaan Jepang yang mana pada
saat ini sudah memiliki status sebagai cultural
superpower. Dari perkembangan kebudayaan yang
ada, Jepang memiliki keinginan untuk
mengkomersilkan kebudayaannya dan menguasai
pasar kultur dunia melalui kebudayaan tradisional
maupun budaya populernya. Pada tahun 2011 melalui
Cool Japan Initiative popularitas kebudayaan Jepang
di berbagai negara dimanfaatkan oleh pemerintah
dengan membuat kebijakan untuk mendukung industri
budaya mereka.
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
/ JOSR:
Journal of Social Research, 1(12), 535-542
The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development Of Cool Japan In Indonesia
536
Kata kunci: Keren Jepang; Anime; Manga; J-Music;
Cosplay
Abstract (English)
Background: As is well known that Japan has many
unique cultures that can attract people from other
countries.
Objective: The goal is to spread Japanese culture
through promotion in the creative industry sector to
all corners of the world. What Cool Japan wants to
achieve is to gain influence from other countries and
maintain its status as a cultural superpower country
(Tao, 2018).
Methods: This research uses descriptive research
method. This method can describe the results of
research in a narrative manner to something that is
being studied.
Results: the results of research in a narrative of
something that is being researched. This research
begins with collecting data and information related
to the object of research as a basis.
Conslusion: Japan which is one of the countries that
has the main strength in the form of many types of
Japanese culture which at this time already has the
status as a cultural superpower. From the
development of existing culture, Japan has a desire
to commercialize its culture and dominate the world
culture market through traditional culture and
popular culture. In 2011 through the Cool Japan
Initiative, the popularity of Japanese culture in
various countries was exploited by the government
by making policies to support their cultural
industries.
Keywords: Cool Japan; Anime; Manga; J-Music;
Cosplay
*Correspondent Author :fitri
Email : Fitri @gmail.com
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
/ JOSR:
Journal of Social Research, 1(12), 535-542
The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development Of Cool Japan In Indonesia
537
BACKGROUND
In the current era of globalization, war is considered not the only way that
can be used to spread the influence of a country, there are various ways that can
be used to do this, one of which is through culture. Culture is an important thing
owned by community groups that play a role in forming, maintaining, and
maintaining social relations in society (Taylor et al., 2019). Culture always
evolves and develops with the times. One form of culture that is developing very
rapidly is popular culture or pop culture, which is a culture that is formed to
entertain the public at large and is produced to be widely commercialized to the
market.
One of the countries that is known to be successful in utilizing culture as its
main strength is Japan, which currently has the status of a cultural superpower
because of the many cultures that Japan has, and the high interest of the world
community in Japanese culture (Radford et al., 2015). However, before becoming
a cultural superpower, Japan was one of the most powerful economies in Asia and
in the world, as shown by Japan's rapid economic growth with an average increase
in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) reaching 9.1% from 1953 to 1973.
(Baumgardner et al., 2012). Japan is also a country that has succeeded in
maximizing its industrial sector and technological innovation so that it can
increase the demand for Japanese goods and services for other countries (Valli,
2012). In addition, Japan also managed to overcome the oil crisis which resulted
in a fairly rapid economic recovery compared to Western countries (Mugasejati,
1999).
However, the Japanese economy experienced a decline in the 1990s which
was marked by a recession due to the bursting of the Japanese economic and
market bubble (Mugasejati 1999). This event is known as Japan's lost decade
which describes the recession and stagnant economic growth in Japan for almost
10 years so that the average annual growth of Japan's real GDP only reaches 1.2%
(Praditya & Arisanto, 2021). There are several factors that caused Japan to
experience a recession, ranging from the fragility of credit and bank policies that
caused bad loans to bank collapses (Mugasejati, 1999). Japan is finally looking for
a way out to overcome the recession and restore Japan's strength as before. The
element of soft power possessed by the Japanese state through its culture was
ultimately chosen as a strategy in improving the economy and image of Japan
(Wang, Xu, Wang, & Tao, 2018).
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
/ JOSR:
Journal of Social Research, 1(12), 535-542
The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development Of Cool Japan In Indonesia
538
Since a long time ago Japan is a country that has so many cultures, the
country known as the country of the rising sun has interesting and unique
traditional cultures, such as kimono, bushido, and so on. a bon odori festival that
is able to attract the interest of the global community (Tao, 2018). In addition,
Japan also has several cultures that are the result of the adoption of foreign
cultures by adding unique Japanese values, such as anime and manga inspired by
Disney's production in 1910-1920 (Erwindo, 2018). From the development of
existing culture, Japan has a desire to commercialize its culture and dominate the
world culture market through traditional culture and popular culture. The
popularity of Japanese culture in various countries has been exploited by the
government by making policies to support their cultural industries through the
Cool Japan Initiative in 2011 (Tao, 2018). The Cool Japan Initiative aims to
spread Japanese culture through promotion in the creative industry sector to all
corners of the world. What Cool Japan wants to achieve is to gain influence from
other countries and maintain its status as a cultural superpower country (Tao,
2018). Indonesia is one of the countries that are considered potential to be a
market for Japan. The rise of anime and manga that are present in Indonesia and
the popularity of anime which is manifested by the high number of anime shows
in Indonesia raises the view for Japan that Indonesia is a country that can become
a target for the spread of culture through its products in Indonesia (Erwindo,
2018). Japan also considers Indonesia as the right country to increase its influence
as a cultural superpower country through the spread of culture in Indonesia. Cool
Japan is considered to be one of the right programs in Japan's efforts to spread its
culture to Indonesia. This study aims to find out how the Japanese state
popularized Cool Japan in Indonesia. So that through this research, it is hoped that
the Indonesian state will be able to learn the methods used to popularize the
indigenous culture of Indonesia to other countries.
Cool Japan is a term used to refer to popular culture owned by the Japanese
state. The existence of Cool Japan has existed among the daily lives and activities
of Japanese people which is considered normal by Japanese people but is
considered unique and a new thing for people from other countries, including
anime, manga, clothing, food and various traditional Japanese commodities and
all kinds of things. things about Japan that are considered as new things that have
never been encountered by people from other countries are things that are
included in the term Cool Japan. (Dellestrand & Kappen, 2012). The term Cool
Japan originated from the publication of an article entitled Gross National Cool
written by Douglas McGray in Foreign Policy magazine in 2002. This article
made the term Cool Japan more prominent which was later developed by the
Japanese government into a strategy. In the article that he wrote McGray
described the success of Japan that comes from Japanese popular culture such as
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
/ JOSR:
Journal of Social Research, 1(12), 535-542
The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development Of Cool Japan In Indonesia
539
manga and anime, design, fashion, lifestyle. McGray views that the fame of
Japanese culture has built a new image for Japan which has a good impact on the
national GDP and has the potential to increase its global appeal.
At first the Japanese government wanted to use Cool Japan, especially its
popular culture for the purpose of cultural diplomacy with other countries in order
to create an image of Japan as a peaceful and culturally rich country. But then,
they also realized the potential for economic gain from their popular culture. In
2005, the Japan Export and Trade Organization (JETRO) reported that Japan's
creative industries (anime, manga, film, publishing, recording, etc.) generated
profits that when combined could reach half of the value of the profits of the
Japanese automotive industry.
After the report from JETRO, the Japanese government carried out two
strategies. Cool Japan as a tool of public diplomacy and as an economic motor.
This can be seen from the ambition of Taro Aso who at that time became prime
minister, Aso dreamed that the anime and manga industry would generate new
productive sectors and open up many new jobs. Of course, this is different from
before the appearance of McGray's article. In the past, this creative industry
actually existed, but it was still run by the private sector without much government
intervention. If we look at the campaigns of the Japan Foundation (JF) in the
period before the 2000s or early 2000s, it appears that the Japanese government
has not campaigned much for popular culture, such as Ikebana (the art of flower
arrangement), chanoyu (tea ceremony), shodo (calligraphy), and traditional culture
that is still being promoted. Only in 2004, JF began to actively bring popular
culture. MOFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan) itself has only just begun to
become an active sponsor in several popular cultural events such as the World
Cosplay Summit which was held in 2006. Meanwhile METI (Ministry of
Economy, Trade and Industry) has only recently become a sponsor in 2008 and is
active as a sponsor. coordinator of cultural dissemination and trade of Japanese
cultural commodities from 2010-2011. Currently the Japanese government can be
said to be the coordinator and also an active supporter in the campaign to spread
Japanese popular culture in various countries. The goal, image and economy.
RESEARCH METHODS
This research uses descriptive research method. This method can describe
the results of research in a narrative manner to something that is being studied.
This research begins with collecting data and information related to the object of
research as a basis. In collecting data the author uses the literature study method,
namely collecting data from the internet, and several articles. Qualitative research
is considered easy in the development of this research, this research will be in the
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
/ JOSR:
Journal of Social Research, 1(12), 535-542
The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development Of Cool Japan In Indonesia
540
form of descriptive analysis supported by data arranged sequentially so that it can
be conveyed properly to the reader.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. The entry of Cool Japan in Indonesia; Starting from something that was
not realized before, Japanese Popular Culture or Cool Japan has proven to be able
to be used as a form of cultural diplomacy used by Japan that can create good
relations with many countries in the world. Japan has a lot of popular culture that
is so famous, including Anime, Manga, Music, Film and Literature which are
growing rapidly so that they can be known throughout the world. One of the
popular cultures favored by the world community is Anime. There have been
many anime that can be said to be successful and can be accepted by the world
community which of course increasingly raises the name of the State of Japan in
all countries that broadcast the Anime they create.
In Indonesia, the spread of Japanese popular culture, Anime and Manga
began in the 1990s with the publication and broadcast of Doraemon, one of the
animations that is still broadcast and favored by the Indonesian people today,
which was then followed by the publication of other Anime and Manga, such as
Sailor. Moon, Dragon Ball, Pokemon, Digimon and others. Until now, there have
been many Anime and Manga that have been aired and also published in
Indonesia. Like manga published by several well-known publishers such as Elex
Media Komputindo, M&C, and Level. Likewise with Anime which is still being
broadcast on several private television stations in Indonesia, such as RCTI with
Doraemon, Net TV with My Hero Academia, GTV with Naruto Shippuden, and
various other anime.
B. Cool Japan which is popular in Indonesia; The following are some
forms of Cool Japan that are popular and favored by the people in Indonesia:
Anime is an animated cartoon picture that has the characteristics of the Japanese
state which is usually a film or series with several episodes in it and has
differences with cartoons from other countries. Meanwhile, Manga is a comic
which in the way of drawing has characteristics with a distinctive Japanese style
that distinguishes it from comics from other countries. The thing that distinguishes
between Anime and Manga with Cartoons and Comics from other countries apart
from the character design is the storyline, Anime and manga usually have a
storyline that is more complex and more real than cartoons.
Basically Anime and Manga are one unit, this is because it is
commonplace if Anime is the result of an adaptation of Manga. Even so, some
Anime production companies in Japan will only adapt Manga that gets a positive
response from readers. Until now, there have been a lot of Anime and Manga that
have been aired and published in various parts of the world. The development of
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
/ JOSR:
Journal of Social Research, 1(12), 535-542
The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development Of Cool Japan In Indonesia
541
the internet also has a big role in making it easier for everyone to access popular
sites to watch Anime. There are several popular sites that are certainly legal to
watch Anime, including Crunchyroll, Funimation and Muse which have recently
become very popular in Indonesia because of the ease of accessing them.
Japanese Music is one form of popular culture that was introduced by
Japan through Cool Japan throughout the world. The presence of J-Music in
Indonesia can be seen from the emergence of JKT48 which has existed since 2011
until now in the Indonesian music scene. JKT48 itself is an idol group inspired by
AKB48, an idol group from Japan that has expanded its influence by forming
other idol groups in various countries. Before The emergence of JKT48 is actually
the influence of J-music that was already present in Indonesia J-rock, a band from
Indonesia whose appearance and musical style are inspired by Japanese music.
The existence of j-rock itself at that time was very loved by the people of
Indonesia, this proves that Japanese music has long attracted the interest of the
Indonesian people.
music itself has its own characteristics when compared to western music or
Korean music which is currently on the rise, musicians from Japan never forget to
incorporate culture into each of their musical works. That's what makes Japanese
music so different from other music styles, the popularity of J-music is also
supported by Anime and Films that use Japanese music as accompaniment so that
it can be known by the international community.
Cosplay or Costume Play is a term used to describe a trend where people
imitate the appearance of an anime, game or manga character by using costumes
and accessories to look similar to the imitated character. Although at this time
Cosplay is synonymous with Japan, originally this term came from western
culture which we can see from the custom of people from there to wear unique
costumes during Halloween and Easter celebrations. Cosplay itself entered Japan
in the 70s through an exhibition of unique costumes in one of the prefectures in
Japan, and then became a trend in Japan to this day. Indonesia in the early 2000s.
Until now in Indonesia, there are many cosplay competitions held in Indonesia,
such as Indonesia Comic Con, Showtime, Ennichisai, Glasses Japan UI, and the
last one is Clash.
CONCLUSION
Japan which is one of the countries that has the main strength in the form
of many types of Japanese culture which at this time already has the status as a
cultural superpower. From the development of existing culture, Japan has a desire
to commercialize its culture and dominate the world culture market through
traditional culture and popular culture. In 2011 through the Cool Japan Initiative,
the popularity of Japanese culture in various countries was exploited by the
Fitri
1
, Aditya Prayoga
2
, Ayu Alfi Syahrina
3
, Nadya Salma Salsabila
4
/ JOSR:
Journal of Social Research, 1(12), 535-542
The Phenomenon That Influenced The Development Of Cool Japan In Indonesia
542
government by making policies to support their cultural industries. Japan has a lot
of popular culture that is so famous, including Anime, Manga, Music, Film and
Literature which are growing rapidly so that they can be known throughout the
world. With the times, Japanese culture became popular in Indonesia. Some forms
of Cool Japan that are popular and much in demand by the Indonesian people, for
example, are Anime, Manga, J-Music, and Cosplay.
If we look at the Japanese culture of Anime and Manga, which until now
have been widely developed, broadcast and published, this is none other than
because there are interactions from various parties in Japan including from Anime
practitioners and creators where they continue to try to teach and study in
packaging. Anime or Manga in a creative industry with the aim of being accepted
by the global community. From the above, from Japanese culture, the Indonesian
government can learn about how to package its creative industries so that they can
be sold to all corners of the world which in the sense can generate economic value
for the country.
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3
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4
/ JOSR:
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© 2021 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under
the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA)
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
