JOSR: Journal of Social Research
November 2022, 1 (12), 461-473
p-ISSN: 2827-9832 e-ISSN: xxxx-xxxx
Available online at http:// https://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
THE ELASTICITY MODULUS OF HIGH-QUALITY
CONCRETE WITH SATURATED ALWA AND FLY ASH
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
Faculty Of Science And Technology
1
, Muhammadiyah University Of Sukabumi
2
,
Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
3
Figoramadhan@Ummi.Ac.Id
1,
Euiskania@Ummi.Ac.Id
2,
Niakartika@Ummi.Ac.Id
Abstrak (indonesia)
Received:15
Oktober
2022
Revised :23
Oktober
2022
Accepted:29
Oktober
2022
Latar Belakang: Beton yang berkualitas tinggi
membutuhkan faktor air semen yang rendah,
sehingga perlu adanya bahan tambahan pozzolan
salah satunya fly ash. Namun penggunaan material
pozzolan menyebabkan susut yang tinggi dan
menyebabkan beton menjadi lembab pada saat
proses pengerasan terjadi sehingga solusi dalam
mengurangi retak salah satunya dengan
menggunakan metode internal curing, sehingga
perlu adanya material IC seperti Selalu.
Tujuan: bertujuan untuk melawan efek pengeringan
sendiri dalam campuran rasio air-semen yang rendah.
Perawatan internal curing ini menggunakan agregat
ringan yang dibasahi sehingga berfungsi sebagai
reservoir yang dapat melepaskan air sesuai
kebutuhan untuk menjaga agar struktur pasta semen
yang menghidrasi tetap jenuh.
Metode: metode internal curing membutuhkan
material tambahan yang mampu menyediakan air
tambahan, salah satunya ALWA (Artifical Light
Weight Aggregate) yang mampu menjadi agen IC.
Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian tersebut mendapatkan
hasil kuat tekan yang tinggi (sekitar 750 kg/cm
2
)
dengan menggunakan kadar semen 546 kg, w/c =
0,28, penambahan silica fume 10% serta
superplasticizer 1,5%.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
penggunaan ALWA sebagai bahan pengawet
internal pada beton cukup efektif dimana beton
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
462
menunjukkan kinerja yang cukup baik dibandingkan
dengan beton normal, ditinjau dari modulus
elastisitas dan rasio poisson. Namun hasil tersebut
belum memenuhi standar SNI 2847 2019.
Penggunaan ALWA jenuh sebagai bahan pengawet
internal cukup efektif dalam penggunaan alternatif
pengawetan beton mutu tinggi. Namun perlu
dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai sifat
mekanik beton ALWA, salah satunya adalah
pengujian kuat lentur.
Kata kunci: modulus elastisitas; rasio poisson;
ALWA; perawatan internal; beton berkualitas tinggi
Abstract (English)
Background: High-quality concrete requires a low
water-cement factor, so it is necessary to add
pozzolanic materials, one of which is fly ash.
However, the use of pozzolanic material causes
high shrinkage and causes the concrete to become
moist during the hardening process so that the
solution to reducing cracking is one of them by
using the internal curing method, so it is necessary
to have IC materials such as Always.
Objective: aims to counteract the self-drying effect in
low water-cement ratio mixtures. This internal
curing treatment uses lightweight aggregate that is
moistened to act as a reservoir that can release
water as needed to keep the hydrating cement paste
structure saturated.
Methods: the internal curing method requires
additional materials capable of providing additional
water, one of which is ALWA (Artifical Light Weight
Aggregate) which is capable of being an IC agent.
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
463
Results: The results of this study obtained a high
compressive strength (about 750 kg/cm2) using a
cement content of 546 kg, w/c = 0.28, the addition of
10% silica fume and 1.5% superplasticizer.
Conslusion: The results showed that the use of
ALWA as an internal preservative in concrete was
quite effective where the concrete showed a fairly
good performance compared to normal concrete, in
terms of modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio.
However, these results do not meet the SNI 2847
2019 standard. The use of saturated ALWA as an
internal preservative is quite effective in the use of
alternative preservation of high quality concrete.
However, further research is needed on the
mechanical properties of ALWA concrete, one of
which is flexural strength testing.
Keywords: modulus of elasticity; poisson's ratio;
ALWA; internal curing; high quality concrete
*Correspondent Author : Alfan Figo Ramadhan
Email : djoko.suharyanto@gmail.com
BACKGROUND
Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world and plays
a very important role in the main infrastructure material in this century. In
particular, variants of high-strength concrete technology are increasingly needed
where the development of modern society makes mega-structures such as tall
buildings, dams and long-span bridges appear all over the world. According to
Nugraha, P. and Antoni (2007), high-strength concrete generally has a
compressive strength of 60 MPa or more at the age of 28 days. In addition, high-
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
464
strength concrete usually has a higher modulus of elasticity than normal concrete,
so that high-performance concrete can be defined.
Factors that influence high-quality concrete include the water-cement
factor, the type of material used and other additional materials (admixture).
According to, (Rosie et al., 2015). The higher the value of the water-cement
factor, the lower the strength of the concrete. Therefore, to achieve high-strength
concrete requires a low water-cement factor (w/c=water/cement). However, the
use of a low water-cement factor does not always mean that the strength of the
concrete is getting higher, there is an optimal water-cement factor value to get the
maximum compressive strength. This means that there is a minimum water-
cement factor that can be used, because if you use a very small cement-water
factor, it will likely cause cement to only function as a filler. The use of a low
cement water factor will cause the amount of cement to increase, causing an
unfavorable interfacial transition zone (ITZ), because it will form a lot of
Ca(OH)2, where CaOH can cause micro and chemical cracks due to the high
stress concentration around the ITZ. . Another effect of stress on ITZ is due to the
difference in the high modulus of elasticity of the aggregates and the differential
shrinkage of the two materials (Grzegorz, 2018). So it is necessary to have
additional pozzolanic materials such as metakaolin, slag, silica fume or fly ash
(FA) to bind Ca(OH)2 to C-S-H which will strengthen the chemical structure of
concrete. However, the use of this pozzolan material will cause high shrinkage
because the amount of paste becomes more, causing the concrete to become moist
during the hardening process.
The solution in reducing these cracks is the concrete treatment method
(curing) to maintain the moisture of the concrete. Concrete curing treatment
generally uses an external curing treatment method. However, external treatment
is no longer effective for concrete with very fast early hardening. It takes a direct
curing method from within the concrete itself, which is called concrete treatment
from the inside or called internal curing or IC. The internal curing method aims to
provide an additional water source so that the capillary porosity in the cement
paste remains saturated, reduces the pressure that occurs and maximizes the
hydration of cement and pozzolan in the mixture in order to minimize shrinkage.
The application of the internal curing method requires additional materials that are
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
465
able to provide additional water, one of which is ALWA (Artifical Light Weight
Aggregate) which is capable of being an IC agent.
The materials used to make artificial lightweight aggregates (ALWA)
come from nature but not only from nature, but also from other materials such as
styrofoam waste. The use of artificial lightweight aggregate (ALWA) that meets
the standards in the use of concrete mixtures will affect the mixed design, because
ALWA has a low density, it is possible that the quality of the concrete will
decrease. One of the declines in the quality of concrete affects the value of the
modulus of elasticity in concrete. Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity is a
very important mechanical property to reflect the ability of concrete to deform
elastically. Thus, the large modulus of elasticity makes the concrete have the
ability to withstand large stresses under low strain conditions.
In a study (Kurniawati & Ahmad, 2021) it was stated that the use of
saturated ALWA using fly ash and silica fume as admixture did not significantly
affect the decrease in the value of the modulus of elasticity. However, the use of
silica fume is a material that is difficult to obtain and the price is relatively
expensive. One of the factors that affect the quality of concrete is the value of the
modulus of elasticity. Research (Mahyar, 2017) states that to make high-strength
concrete, several things need to be considered about the properties of the material,
especially coarse aggregate, water-cement ratio (w/c), ratio of aggregate, cement
and workability. In this study added silica fume as an admixture and
superplasticizer in high-strength concrete mixtures in order to maximize the
strength and durability of the concrete. The results of this study obtained a high
compressive strength (about 750 kg/cm2) using a cement content of 546 kg, w/c =
0.28, the addition of 10% silica fume and 1.5% superplasticizer. In the study
(Libster et al., 2021) an internal curing method was applied using recycled
concrete aggregates such as crushed ceramics, coal-based ash, artificial waste-
based aggregates, different powder materials and porous fibers called WASPOR
(Waste-Based Porous). . WASPOR has an effect on consistency, hydration,
microstructure, density, strength, modulus of elasticity, autogenous deformation.
This method is used in order to counteract the self-drying effect in low water-
cement ratio mixtures. This internal curing treatment uses lightweight aggregate
that is moistened to act as a reservoir that can release water as needed to keep the
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
466
hydrating cement paste structure saturated. And the results of this study explain
that the porous material based on WASPOR waste as a water reservoir for the
internal curing of concrete shows good performance with the effect of desorption
properties that allow the pozzolanic reaction at ITZ (interfacial transition zone) to
be more effective.
Therefore, saturated ALWA was originally effective in the curing method
of high-strength concrete. Further research is needed to mengetahui mutu beton
pada penambahan ALWA jenuh sebagai internal curing dan fly ash sebagai
admixture tanpa menggunakan silica fume. knowing the quality of concrete with
the addition of saturated ALWA as internal curing and fly ash as admixture
without using silica fume. Therefore, specifically, the purpose of this study was to
determine the modulus of elasticity of high-strength concrete with the addition of
saturated ALWA as internal curing and fly ash as admixture, the value of
Poisson's ratio of high-strength concrete with the addition of saturated ALWA as
internal curing and fly ash as an admixture. admixture, and whether the use of
saturated ALWA as internal curing and fly ash as admixture can be an alternative
treatment for high quality concrete.
RESEARCH METHODS
The stages in this research start from the preparation of tools and materials.
Next is the investigation of materials and tools, selection of internal curing
materials, material testing, mix design (Includes trial mix design and final mix
design), manufacture of test objects, concrete treatment (Includes compression test
and modulus of elasticity testing and Poisson Ratio), and the next stage. analysis.
Meanwhile, the data needed in this study were collected using literature study
techniques, laboratory testing. The population and samples in this study were high-
strength concrete with an age of 28 days, with a total population of 8 specimens.
The description of the concrete is high-strength cylindrical concrete aged 28 days
with dimensions of diameter 15 cm high 30 cm as many as 4 pieces and high-
strength cylindrical concrete with the addition of saturated ALWA aged 28 days
with dimensions of diameter 15 cm high 30 cm as many as 4 pieces.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
467
Fine Aggregate Test
Table 1. Testing of Fine Aggregate Moisture Content
Sample Number I II
Sample A Sample B
Sample
Number I
II
Sample
Number I
II
Sample
A
Sample B
Sample
A
Sample B
Container weight (gr) 14.50
16.00
Container
weight
(gr)
14.50
16.00
Container
weight
(gr)
14.50
16.00
Sample weight + cont. (gr)
114.50 116.00
Sample
weight +
cont. (gr)
114.50
116.00
Sample
weight +
cont. (gr)
114.50
116.00
Sample weight (X gr) 100.00
100.00
Sample
weight
(X gr)
100.00
100.00
Sample
weight
(X gr)
100.00
100.00
Dry sample weight + container
(gr) 101.90 104.00
Dry
sample
weight +
container
(gr)
101.90
104.00
Dry
sample
weight +
container
(gr)
101.90
104.00
Dry sample weight (Y gr)
87,40
88,00
Moisture content = (X-Y)/Y x
14,42
13,64
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
468
100
Average moisture content (%)
14,03
Silt and Clay Test
Table 2. Testing of Silt and Clay Fine Aggregate Levels
Sample Number I II
Sample A Sample B
Sample Number
I II
Sample A
Sample B
Container weight (gr) 15.8
Container weight
(gr) 15.8
Initial weight of dry
sample 24 hours + cont.
(g) 115.8
Initial weight of
dry sample 24
hours + cont. (g)
115.8
Initial weight of dry
sample (X gr) 100
Initial weight of
dry sample (X
gr) 100
Wet sample final
weight+container (gr)
110.2
Wet sample final
weight+container
(gr) 110.2
Final weight of dry sample
48 hours (Y gr) 94.4
Final weight of
dry sample 48
hours (Y gr) 94.4
Silt and clay content = (X-
Y)/Y x 100 5.93
Silt and clay
content = (X-
Y)/Y x 100 5.93
Average grade of silt and
clay (%) 6.73
Average grade of
silt and clay (%)
6.73
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
469
Sieve Analysis Test
Table 3. Fine Aggregate Sieve Analysis Test
No.
Saringan
DS
(mm)
BS (gr)
BSS (gr)
BeT (gr)
BuT
(%)
TK
(%)
JBL
(%)
4
4,75
305,9
358,1
52,2
10,45
10,45
89,55
10
2,4
409,9
657,5
247,6
49,56
60,01
39,99
20
1,2
296,9
410,8
113,9
22,80
82,81
17,19
30
0,6
296,0
335,9
39,9
7,99
90,79
9,21
60
0,3
287,4
325,7
38,3
7,67
98,46
1,54
100
0,15
276,4
283,4
7,0
1,40
99,86
0,14
200
0,075
310,4
310,7
0,3
0,06
99,92
0,08
PAN
0
289,30
289,7
0,4
0,08
100,00
0,00
Jumlah
2472,20
2971,8
499,6
100,00
Pengujian Analisa Saringan
Tabel 4. Pengujian Analisa Saringan Agregat Halus
No.
Saringan
DS
(mm)
BS
(gr)
BSS
(gr)
BeT
(gr)
BuT (%)
TK
(%)
JBL (%)
4
4,75
305,9
358,1
52,2
10,45
10,45
89,55
10
2,4
409,9
657,5
247,6
49,56
60,01
39,99
20
1,2
296,9
410,8
113,9
22,80
82,81
17,19
30
0,6
296,0
335,9
39,9
7,99
90,79
9,21
60
0,3
287,4
325,7
38,3
7,67
98,46
1,54
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
470
100
0,15
276,4
283,4
7,0
1,40
99,86
0,14
200
0,075
310,4
310,7
0,3
0,06
99,92
0,08
PAN
0
289,30
289,7
0,4
0,08
100,00
0,00
Jumlah
2472,20
2971,8
499,6
100,00
Modulus
Kehalusan
5,42
Testing Specific Gravity and Water Absorption
Table 5. Specific Gravity Test
Nomor Sampel
I
II
Berat sampel ditimbang dalam air (X
gram)
89,2
80,6
Berat sampel ditimbang di udara (Y
gram)
163,1
162,1
Specific gravity =Y/(Y-X)
2,21
1,99
Rata-rata Specific gravity (%)
2,10
Tabel 6. Pengujian Penyerapan Air Agregat Kasar
Nomor Sampel Kerikil
I
II
Berat sampel SSD (X gram)
200
200
Berat container (gram)
15,8
15,5
Berat sampel kering + container
(gram)
206,8
206,2
Berat sampel kering (Y gram)
191,0
190,7
Absorsi = (X – Y)/Y x 100%
4,71
4,88
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
471
Rata-rata Absorption (%)
4,79
Pengujian Berat Isi dan Rongga Udara
Tabel 7. Pengujian Berat Isi Lepas (Gembur)
Nomor Sample
I
II
Sample
A
Sample
B
Berat silinder + sampel (X gr)
6910
6870
Berat silinder + air (Y gr)
6340
6340
Berat Silinder (Z gr)
4590
4590
Berat isi padat (X-Z)/(Y-Z) gr/cm
3
1,33
1,30
Berat isi padat rata-rata (gr/cm
3
)
1,31
Tabel 8. Pengujian Berat Isi Padat (Ditusuk-tusuk)
Nomor Sample
I
II
Sample
A
Sample
B
Berat silinder + sampel (X gr)
7090
7020
Berat silinder + air (Y gr)
6340
6340
Berat Silinder (Z gr)
4590
4590
Berat isi lepas (X-Z)/(Y-Z) gr/cm
3
1,43
1,39
Berat isi lepas rata-rata (gr/cm
3
)
1,41
The “Findings” section gives a concise explanation regarding the result of
the researcher’s data collection. Meanwhile, the “Discussion” section displays the
Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
3
/ JOSR: Journal of
Social Research, 1(12),461-473
The Elasticity Modulus Of High-Quality Concrete With Saturated Alwa And
Fly Ash
472
researcher’s analysis of the obtained data, which also includes citations from
relevant, supporting sources.
CONCLUSION
The maximum modulus of elasticity in normal concrete is 2241,412 MPa
while the maximum modulus of elasticity of concrete with ALWA mixture is
3062,440 MPa, concrete with ALWA mixture has better performance because it
has a greater maximum elastic modulus value than normal concrete. This is
probably due to the saturated water content in ALWA which can increase the
hydration of concrete at 28 days. The maximum Poisson's ratio in normal concrete
is 0.323 while the maximum Poisson's ratio value of concrete with ALWA mixture
is 0.300 so that it can be concluded that concrete with ALWA mixture has good
performance because according to ASTMC469M-10 the lower the Poisson's ratio
will be directly proportional to the strength quality of the concrete. The use of
saturated ALWA as an internal curing agent when viewed from the comparison of
the performance of the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio is quite effective in
using alternative high-strength concrete curing.
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Alfan Figo Ramadhan
1
, Euis Kania Kurniawati
2
, Nia Kartika
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/ JOSR: Journal of
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Fly Ash
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