JOSR: Journal of Social Research
January 2022, 1 (2), 132-137
p-ISSN: 2827-9832 e-ISSN: 2828-335x
Available online at http:// https://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
NEW ECONOMIC CHALLENGES TO EXPOR-IMPORT BUSINESS
DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Divia Zulianti, Nuri Aslami
North Sumatra State Islamic University, Indonesia
diviaapril2304@gmail.com , nuriaslam[email protected]
Abstrak (Indonesia)
Received: January 2nd, 2022
Revised: January 11
th
, 2022
Accepted: January 16
th
, 2022
Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 saat ini sedang melanda
dunia, termasuk Indonesia, menyebabkan berbagai dampak
termasuk sektor ekonomi, salah satunya berdampak besar pada
dunia usaha internasional.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak
dari tantangan ekonomi dan bisnis internasional Covid-19 di
Indonesia saat ini.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan analisis
data menggunakan metode kualitatif.
Hasil: Hasil studi menunjukkan dampak pandemi Covid-19
terhadap ekonomi global, termasuk ekonomi bisnis
internasional. Dari dampak pandemi ini, penurunan permintaan
produk internasional dan terhambatnya produksi dan ekspor
impor karena bahan bakunya berasal dari luar negara, dampak
pandemi ini mempengaruhi realisasi realisasi investasi
terhambat. Tak terkecuali, investor yang berencana
menanamkan modalnya di bisnis syariah. Meningkatnya risiko
lembaga keuangan syariah dari tantangan ini strategi ekonomi
dan bisnis internasional dapat mengatasi dampak pandemi
Covid-19, diharapkan pelaku ekonomi dan bisnis internasional
akan menunjukkan empati dan solidaritas dengan para
pemangku kepentingan. Pebisnis internasional
mengembangkan strategi bisnis yang lebih menguntungkan.
Kesimpulan: Pelaku usaha internasional memanfaatkan dan
mendukung program stimulus pemerintah. Perbankan dan
lembaga keuangan lainnya harus mulai merevisi target
pertumbuhannya, menerapkan teknologi transaksi digital
dalam satu solusi. Ekonomi dan bisnis internasional dapat
berperan dalam pemulihan dari guncangan ekonomi dengan
memprioritaskan pencapaian tujuan strategi bisnis
internasional.
Kata kunci: pengaruh Covid-19; tantangan; ekonomi dan
bisnis internasional
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New Economic Challenges to Expor-Import Business During the Covid-19 Pandemic
134
Abstract (English)
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is currently engulfing
the world, including Indonesia, causing various impacts
including the economic sector, one of which has a major
impact on the international business world.
Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of the
Covid-19 international economic and business challenges in
Indonesia today.
Methods: This type of research is a research with data
analysis using qualitative methods.
Results: The results of the study show the impact of the Covid-
19 pandemic on the global economy, including the
international business economy. From the impact of this
pandemic, the decline in demand for international products
and the inhibition of production and export imports because
the raw materials come from outside countries, the impact of
this pandemic affects the realization of investment realization
is hampered. No exception, investors who plan to invest in
Islamic businesses. The increasing risk of Islamic financial
institutions from this challenge international economic and
business strategies can overcome the impact of the Covid-19
pandemic, it is hoped that international economic and
business actors will show empathy and solidarity with
stakeholders. international business people develop more
profitable business strategies.
Conslusion: International business players take advantage of
and support the government's stimulus program. Banking and
other financial institutions must start revising their growth
targets, implementing digital transaction technology in one
solution. The international economy and business can play a
role in recovering from economic shocks by prioritizing the
achievement of the objectives of the international business
strategy.
Keywords: impact of Covid-19; challenges; international
economy and business
*Correspondent Author : Divia Zulianti
Email : diviaapril2304@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
During the 2019 corona virus disease pandemic, there are many things that are very
concerning, for example the scarcity of goods such as several food, health, and food and
beverage products. As a developing country, of course, Indonesia depends on other
countries, through international business to import from outside and now consumption
needs and other needs are increasing in the midst of this pandemic. It is unfortunate that
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New Economic Challenges to Expor-Import Business During the Covid-19 Pandemic
135
currently many regulations from international businesses are hampering and resulting in a
shortage of supply of these products (Peristianto & Anggawijayanto, 2020).
Head of Sub-Directorate for Agro, Directorate of Export Development, Ministry
of Trade Mila Karmila Bishry explained several challenges of international business in the
economic sector (NURHASANAH, 2017), including changes in consumer behavior and
international business patterns that are global in nature; International business
protectionism and increasing trade barriers include the imposition of tariffs by trading
partner countries, import license obligations from trading partner countries and sustainable
issues (which export products must be environmentally friendly); Cooperation negotiations
carried out by interested countries are difficult to resolve; and the potential for deficit and
economic recession, considering that many developed countries on various continents have
announced that they are entering the cessation gap this year. Even the trade war between
China and the United States is getting hotter.
In addition, since the news of COVID-19 emerged, the general chairman of the
Indonesian Vegetable and Fruit Exporters Association (AESBI), Hasan Johnny Widjaja,
stated that buyers in China immediately stopped buying. The fruit exporters who cry the
most are those who sell or ship goods with the CNF (Cost and Freight/CFR) scheme or
payments made after the goods arrive at the port of export destination. Some even have
sent goods on the ship, but in the middle of the trip there was a cancellation (Perdana,
2012).
The full role of the government is very much needed to maintain the sustainability
of market access for Indonesian products in trading partner countries in order to be able to
meet world global trade. In addition, participation from the community is also needed,
because as citizens, the community has obligations as stated in Article 27 paragraph (3) of
the 1945 Constitution which reads "every citizen has the right and obligation to participate
in the defense of the State". Actions to defend the State that can be carried out by the
community are to produce talents in the field of international business and are expected to
be able to contribute through actions and thoughts of diamonds in maintaining and securing
international business interests (Jaelani & Luthviati, 2021).
METHOD
This research is included in library research with a content analysis approach,
library research is defined as a study that studies various reference books and similar
previous research results that are useful for obtaining a theoretical basis on the problem to
be studied. This study uses a qualitative method which is a method to obtain in-depth data,
a data that contains meaning. In this case, data on international business problems during
the Covid-19 pandemic. Data analysis techniques are listening and recording important
information in conducting data analysis by reducing data, displaying data and drawing
conclusions about economic problems due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Qualitative research methods are methods research based on the philosophy of
positivism, is used to examine the condition of natural objects, where the researcher is the
key instrument, sampling of data sources is carried out purposively and snowball, data
collection techniques are triangulation, data analysis is inductive/qualitative and research
results emphasize the meaning of on generalizations (Sugiyono, 2015).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The Impact of the Spread of Covid-19 on Various International Economic and
Business Activities
The inherent impact of China is directly related to the Indonesian economy. China
has been the main destination for Indonesia's exports since 2011. According to data from
the Central Statistics Agency, last year the value of Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports to
China reached 25.7 billion US dollars. This value is much higher than the value of
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New Economic Challenges to Expor-Import Business During the Covid-19 Pandemic
136
Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports to the United States and to Japan, which are ranked
second and third, respectively. China is also the main country of origin for Indonesian
imports. In 2019, the value of Indonesia's imports from China reached 44.5 billion US
dollars, or equivalent to three and five and a half times the value of Indonesia's imports
from Japan and the United States. Moreover, China is one of the largest countries of origin
for foreign investment in Indonesia and a contributor to more than two million foreign
tourists or about 12.5 percent of the total foreign tourists who come to Indonesia with the
Indonesian economy (Sumarni, 2020).
Strategies to Face the Challenges of the Impact of the Spread of the Covid-19
Pandemic
Affirming the position of international businesses as an inseparable part of the
Indonesian people who are struggling to overcome the Covid-19 outbreak. International
economic and business actors must show empathy and solidarity with stakeholders. These
include giving employees working from home flexibility, continuing to provide the best
service to customers within possible limits and supporting government policies to reduce
the overall potential for the spread of Covid-19 (Sumarni, 2020). The use of technology
will be the best solution to help the wheels of the business economy keep running. In
addition to capital assistance, marketing through social media and bookkeeping automation
will make it easier for SMEs to develop strategies that are appropriate for business
continuity now and in the future (Aris, 2021). Among the distribution options that can be
done are through:
1) Global Microfinance Institutions in financing nano-enterprises where the funds can
come from several sources, both from private companies and BUMN/BUMD as
well as investors.
2) Direct loans without margin for both business and consumption distributed by
companies (private or BUMN/BUMD) to employees or partners (such as online
motorcycle taxi drivers) where the funds can come from Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) funds or other posts. To increase CSR funds. For example,
the decision of a halal cosmetic brand producer to donate tens of billions of medical
devices to hospitals for the treatment of Covid-19 patients is a very good example.
In order to survive and even come out victorious after this crisis has passed, sharia
economic and business actors are advised to do three things. The first is strategic team
alignment. In an era of crisis, it is easy for corporate leaders to panic and tend to forget that
there are many close people who actually have the capability and capacity to help the
company survive. Second, business people are advised to start developing a business
continuity plan in order to secure current revenue or seek new business opportunities, as
well as optimize costs. Third, business people should form a special team to execute all
planned things quickly.
The Role of Sharia Economy and Business in Overcoming the Impact of the Covid-19
Pandemic Crisis
Covid-19 is a global pandemic, almost all countries where the pandemic occurs
there are Muslims. No matter how small the number of people compared to the population
of a country, Muslims must still be able to contribute in solving community problems. The
role of Muslims can certainly be done in Indonesia, where Muslims are the majority
population in this country. To make a useful contribution to the community, especially
those affected by Covid-19, there are at least seven activities related to economic activities.
In the recommendation of Murniati Mukhlisin et al, a team of lecturers from the Tazkia
Islamic Institute, Seven Packages of Islamic Economics and Finance to Overcome the
Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis, can be used as a solution for how Islamic economy and
business overcome economic shocks that occur and how the whole community can play a
role in recovering these shocks by prioritizing the achievement of goals. sharia (maqashid
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New Economic Challenges to Expor-Import Business During the Covid-19 Pandemic
137
sharia). First, Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) (Kristanto HC & Gusaptono, 2021). The two
movements to help each other (Berta'awun) and protect each other (Bertakaful) between
each other are very necessary because the cost of crisis recovery will be very large and not
all of them will get allocation from state funds. Third, harmonization of taxes and zakat.
Fourth , leading business capital assistance during a crisis. The fifth Qardhul Hasan Loan
and CSR. Sixth Improving economic literacy and Islamic finance. Seventh, the
development of sharia financial technology to facilitate the liquidity of online market
players in a sharia manner, at the same time increasing the focus on social finance
(ZISWAF) in addition to commercial finance.
CONCLUSION
From these challenges, the sharia economy and business must develop strategies
on how to overcome the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is the position of sharia
businesses as an inseparable part of the Indonesian people who are struggling to overcome
the Covid-19 outbreak. Sharia economic and business actors must show empathy and
solidarity to stakeholders. The Covid-19 situation cannot predict when it will end and it is
rare that sharia business actors are preparing for the worst possibility, whether to stay or
move out to develop a more profitable business strategy. The government through the
stimulus program for handling the Covid-19 pandemic, sharia business players take
advantage of developing strategies to generate business. Islamic banking and other
financial institutions must start revising growth targets, the application of digital
transaction technology in one application to make it easier for customers to transact during
WFH, new financing opportunities in sectors that are directly related to the impact of the
Covid-19 pandemic such as equipment financing. with medical devices etc.
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© 2022 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the
terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA)
license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).
