MEASURING THE INDEPENDENCE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS (PPM) IN COAL MINING COMPANIES

The coal industry is a relatively capital-intensive industry and has a relatively high level of social risk. In addition, the coal industry also has limited time because it depends on the amount of coal reserves. One of the social risk mitigations coal companies carry is conducting community development and empowerment programs (PPM). In measuring the level of maturity or independence of PPM programs, an approach is used by measuring scores from six dimensions, namely change, inclusive, organized, cooperation, influential, and sustainability. In this study, companies A and B differ in the level of independence of their flagship programs. The integrated farming program in company A has the smallest independence score of 5.76. While in company B, the cattle breeding program has the smallest independence value of 8.46.


INTRODUCTION
Coal mining commodities are one of the strategic commodities in Indonesia.Apart from being needed to fulfill electricity sources in Indonesia, it is also needed for non-oil and gas export commodities.Based on MODI 2022 data (Mineral One Data Indonesia), the contribution to state revenue from the mineral and coal mining sector reached 127.9 trillion.Where around 70-80 percent comes from coal commodities.From a regulatory perspective, coal mining must carry out community development and empowerment programs abbreviated as PPM.This obligation is contained in Ministerial Decree 25 of 2018 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining Business and is reinforced in the technical guidelines in Ministerial Decree 1824 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for Implementing Community Development and Empowerment Programs (Keputusan Menteri ESDM, 2018).
In terms of the business cycle, coal mining starts with a general investigation or exploration of the condition of coal resources and reserves, then exploitation or mining is carried out and ends with mine closure activities (Suparji & Mizi, 2021).So if it is related to the implementation of the PPM program, coal mining companies have challenges related to time.The PPM program implemented by coal mining companies is expected to achieve an independent condition or exit strategy when the mining company has finished operating or is at the mine closure stage.This philosophy is contained in coal mining regulations in Indonesia (Redi & Marfungah, 2021).Apart from that, coal mining companies also have challenges related to the impacts arising from mining activities.This is confirmed by the results of research conducted by (Fachlevi et al., 2016), coal mining activities cause environmental damage because they carry out extensive land-clearing activities, dig deep holes, and move large amounts of soil.Apart from that, it can also cause local people to suffer health problems in the form of respiratory problems due to dust.Which in the end will have an impact on the socioeconomic life of the community around the mine (Jinurain, 2017).
Therefore, the implementation of the PPM program in mining companies, including coal, is very necessary both to fulfill regulations and also to handle the impacts arising from mining operations (social risk mitigation) (Utari et al., 2022).In terms of fulfilling regulations, mining companies are expected to make a positive contribution to the socio-economic conditions of the surrounding community.So that when the company has entered the mine closure stage, the condition of its PPM program is relatively independent or sustainable (Sari et al., 2022).
The problem that arises in implementing the PPM program in coal mining companies is the readiness for independence from the PPM program compared to the time available for company operations.Due to the nature of coal commodities which depend on the amount of coal reserves available.The fewer reserves, the faster the company's operational period and the higher the risk of failure in achieving PPM program independence (Hartana, 2016).Because in the context of independence, several factors must be prepared both in terms of human resources and also in terms of sustainability.The Community Development and Empowerment Program (PPM) represents a form of serious effort to encourage improvements in the economy, education, socio-culture, health, and living environment of communities around the mine, both individually and collectively so that the level of life of the community around the mine becomes better and more independent (Rahayu & Yetniwati, 2021).
Apart from that, problems arise when CDOs (community development officers) or officers implementing PPM programs in companies cannot predict when a PPM program can be declared independent or sustainable (SUTRAWATI, 2022).Coal mining company management often challenges officers implementing PPM programs in the company regarding the period a program is considered independent.So it is hoped that the company will no longer need to help with financing (Utari et al., 2022).
Therefore, in this research, the author wants to provide a way out for CD officers to be able to answer the challenges that arise from implementing the PPM program.The summary carried out by the author coupled with the novelty carried out in this research means that there are several dimensions and indicators used to assess when a PPM program can be declared independent (Ferlianta & Praditya, 2019).Furthermore, from this assessment, coal mining companies can make improvements to dimensions and indicators whose numbers are relatively low.This improvement agenda can become a work program for the following year and the budget is also planned.Of course, it is hoped that there will be further research so that what the author has done can be perfect.

METHOD
The research approach uses a deductive approach with quantitative methods.The deductive approach is carried out by studying technical literature, namely literature that provides a background of material that compares findings from actual data obtained and has a specific function such as providing a theory and conceptual framework that can be used as a guide (Creswell, 2020).The quantitative method used is a descriptive method that aims to systematically describe the facts or characteristics of a particular population or a particular field factually and accurately.
The research was conducted at 2 coal mining companies, namely PT A and PT B. These companies are located in West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province.Both companies carry out community development and empowerment programs (PPM) in villages around the companies.This research will assess the maturity of the two companies' flagship PPM programs (Zainal Abidin & Mais, 2022).The superior PPM program is a program that is the focus of the company in readiness when the company enters the mine closure period.
The data collection method used was a primary survey which was collected through questionnaires and observation sheets.Respondents to filling out the questionnaire were CD-Officers in each company.The dimensions measured or assessed are: 1 The following is a table of variables and indicators that will be used on the questionnaire sheet and observation sheet as a basis for measuring the maturity of the Leading PPM program.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From the results of assessing eight superior programs from two coal mining companies (we call them A and B) using the dimensions and indicators used, the following picture is obtained (Redi & Marfungah, 2021).In coal company A, the three superior programs selected are: 1.As can be seen from Table 3 above, the smallest figure for the maturity or independence level of the company program A is the PPM Integrated Farming System (IFS) program with a maturity value of 5.76.The program maturity figure (5.76) is the cumulative average of the dimensions change (7.25), inclusive (7.30), organized (5.50), cooperation (6.3), influential (2.80), and sustainability (5.40).In company A, the smallest dimension number is influential, which means that the level of impact or usefulness of the program has not been felt by group members or beneficiaries (Astuti & Simandjuntak, 2018).If it is related to Table 2, which is related to the sub-dimensions and parameter values of the maturity scale, then the influential dimension has sub-dimensions: 1) creation of HR capital, 2) creation of social capital, 3) creation of environmental capital and 4) financial capital are things that need to be fixed.This is because it has a relatively low value compared to other dimensions (Ardi et al., 2020).
For company B, it can be seen from Table 3 that the PPM program that still has a low level of maturity for independence is the Cow Breeding Husbandry (Cattle Farming) program with a score of 8.46. Figure 8.46 is the average cumulative figure from the dimensions change (7.25), inclusive (9.00), organized (8.25), cooperation (8.67), influential (8.00), and sustainability (9.60).In company B, the smallest dimension number is the change dimension, which means that the Swallow Nest program has not had a significant change impact related to increasing knowledge, skills, and confidence to be able to create change for its members.If we look more deeply into the sub-dimensions of the change dimension, we can see that the things that need to be improved in the change sub-dimensions are: 1) the quality of change for the beneficiaries, 2) improving environmental management and preservation, 3) increasing the welfare of beneficiaries and 4) changing abilities in handling social problems.

CONCLUSION
Measuring the independence of social programs such as the Community Development and Empowerment (PPM) program has high challenges because it is full of uncertainty.Therefore, the writing team tries to provide an approach that is expected to be used in measuring and predicting the level of independence or maturity of a program.The approach used is to measure the PPM program from six dimensions, namely: change, inclusive (openness), organized

Table 1 .
Maturity Level Assessment Attributes (Dimensions, Sub-Dimensions, and Indicators) of the PPM Program Measured in Research Number and identity of groups participating in the program (government elements, private business institutions, community institutions) Vol.2, No.11, October 2023

Table 2 .
Parameters used for each PPM program maturity scale

Table 3 .
Integrated farming system (Integrated Agricultural System) 2. Local orchid preservation and cultivation (Local Orchid Cultivation and Preservation) 3. Swallow nets husbandry (Cultivating Swallow Nests) It shows that the average value of program independence is 6.21, whereas if you look at the scale of program independence numbers, it is still classified as an early development level.Meanwhile, in company B which is still in the same district, the superior programs to be It shows that the average value of program independence is 8.77, which, if seen from the scale of program independence numbers, is still classified as a middle development level.If we look at the measured dimensions and parameters, the eight programs can be seen in the table below.Results of measuring the independence of the PPM program for Company A and Company B