STRATEGIES TO REDUCE THE LEVEL OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN SURABAYA CITY

This study aims to evaluate the efforts made by the Department of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DWECP) in Surabaya City to reduce Violence against women and children. Members prioritize the selection of strategies and activities. When organizational members make decisions, they consider all aspects of the organization or its people. In this study, researchers used a qualitative approach, which was rewritten to become a scientific description. The methods used to find out the results include enabling, strengthening, protecting, enabling, and nurturing. The results show that several activities or efforts are made to reduce the level of Violence, such as counseling the community, providing healing strategies to individuals or families, and helping to resolve cases of Violence against women and children that have occurred and reported to the authorities. The results of these activities are significant and may impact reducing Violence against women and children. Can optimize all aspects and resources based on the selected activities and efforts.


INTRODUCTION
People who are capable of doing things or acting are women and children.Much Violence against women and children involves intentional physical acts, such as threats or other actions, that can cause injury, psychological harm, depression, or even death.Violence against women and children includes any act that can cause sexual, physical, mental, or psychological suffering and distress, as well as treatment that dehumanizes women and children (Muhajarah, 2019).Women and children are vulnerable groups who are often victims of Violence and need protection (Amanda & Simatupang, 2019).Women and children suspected of being victims of Violence are often afraid to report it because they do not understand the Violence Physical Violence against women and children is a significant possibility of Violence due to culture, gender injustice, low quality of life, wrong parenting, poverty, and social media impressions that are not educational and can be caused by psychological disorders (Nisa, 2018).Supporting institutions for victims of Violence are prioritized among women and children so that consultation medical and psychological care is also provided free of charge (Wahyu Utami et al., 2022).The Surabaya City Government collaborates with DWECP to realize Surabaya City towards a Child-Friendly City (CFC).Cases of Violence against children or women in Surabaya have gradually decreased.DWECP 's function is to help the community get services and train cadres on care issues for children (Mutiara, 2019).
The Women and Child Protection Service Standards establish the right of victims of Violence to obtain security and protection from Violence, torture, discrimination, and other harsh treatment that can degrade human dignity and violate human rights.The Department of Vol.2, No.11, October 2023 Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DWECP) was established by the Departments of the State Minister for Women's Empowerment, the Minister of Health, the Minister of Social Affairs, and the Chief of the Indonesian National Police to assist women and child victims of Violence.DWECP aims to support the empowerment of women and children to create a better society.The objectives of DWECP are as follows: (i).Provide a facility managed by the community, independently or in partnership between the community and the government, for women and children who need information and services to resolve problems faced by women and children victims of Violence.(ii).Increase the awareness of various institutions or organizations of the community and government to provide good services for women and children.(iii).Increase the responsibility of all parties to prevent, stop, and not allow all forms of Violence against women and children.Violence against women and children can be prevented because violent behavior is an emotional human trait that ignores rational behavior.Therefore, various efforts must be made to prevent the development of emotional behavior in the local community (Ability et al., 2018).
The government empowers women and children by increasing the number of women in economic activities or the labor sector increasing the number of women in decision-making in the government.The position of women in the family is also very influential because they have a role in fostering both psychologically, physically, and socially.Women can also play a role in advancing the family and also play a role in supporting their husbands' careers; in this case, women can increase their capacity to have self-confidence.Violent incidents often occur, so solutions to overcome Violence against women and children include: 1).Increase public understanding of the importance of overcoming Violence against women and children in individual, social, and institutional contexts; 2).Law enforcement awareness is increased, so overcoming Violence against women and children is easy, and 3).Encourage counseling guidance for victims of Violence, namely women and children Based on the explanation above, the Surabaya City DWECP is tasked with carrying out government affairs that fall under regional authority in the field of population control and family planning as well as government affairs in the field of women's empowerment and child protection.In this task, DWECP is divided into several fields: child empowerment, family welfare, population control and family planning, and mainstreaming children's rights protection of women and children.These various fields can reduce Violence in Surabaya by providing socialization to someone, parents, or prospective parents about the importance of loving children to maintain their mental health.

METHOD
Qualitative observation techniques are used to observe events and individual behavior in natural settings.When making observations, researchers record and take notes in both structured and semi-structured ways using participant observation, namely researchers observing directly.The types of research include: data sources taken during observation, researchers conducting interviews with sources related to the research, and taking documentation during interviews with sources (Devita & Himayasari, 2022).sources (Devita & Himayasari, 2022).By conducting techniques in the form of interviews, the main data consisting of speech, thoughts, feelings and actions of the subjects are expected to be more easily obtained.To avoid unintended events while conducting research, researchers still use interview guidelines that are flexible, which can change at any time according to the development of data that occurs in the field (Muhid et al., 2019).
In this context, the main benefit of using qualitative research methods is that it allows the researcher to be directly involved in the research process as the main instrument (Gusti et al., 2021).This allows researchers to gain a more in-depth understanding of the level of reducing violence against women and children in Surabaya City.In analyzing the data, researchers used steps such as: (1) data reduction (2) data validity analysis (3) data triangulation both through method triangulation and source/informant triangulation carried out by researchers for data checking and rechecking efforts, by re-examining different data findings into convincing conclusions.Questions were asked in accordance with the targets and dimensions to be explored for discussion, namely the 5p (enabling, strengthening, protecting, supporting, maintaining).Indicators of empowerment by Suharto.There were several observations made at the research location to support the completeness of the information.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The government considers violence against women as the most serious act because there is a tremendous impact on a woman and child if they become one of the victims (Wiwik Liyani, 2019).The state provides legal protection to ensure that a child's life can run normally.The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy of the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3APPKB) to stop violence against women and children in Surabaya City, based on the problems raised and the objectives mentioned above.
Violence against women and children is one of the problems that is never finished to be discussed, violence against women and children has long been a problem that is closely related to people's lives and shows a significant increase from the previous year's data (Parvez et al., 2022).Based on this problem, the surge in cases of violence against women and children should have a solution and be prevented by making new policies, for example, providing socialization to the entire family regarding the dangers of violence against the future of the family members themselves, then the victims must be facilitated with easy access to treatment and most importantly, of course, the perpetrators of these cases of violence must be given various sanctions so that they can provide a deterrent effect.Strategies to prevent violence against women and children include anti-violence counseling, community-based anti-crisis handling, and family counseling (Oktaviani & Jatiningsih, 2022).
Suharto proposed 5 approaches that play an important role in achieving success in the community empowerment process.Based on the results of research on empowerment indicators in reducing the level of violence against women and children based on the results of the research, the data obtained as in table 1 are strategies to reduce violence against women and children in Surabaya City.The amount of violence must be addressed.Families are also given in-depth knowledge.DWECP is expected to be more active in socializing with the community.esophagus Family counseling is essential to prevent victims of violence.
Providing a positive attitude is also one way to support people to respect each other.maintenance Many people are reluctant to report problems that occur because they are afraid.However, every member of DWECP is quite good in carrying out their duties.. Sumber: created by researchers, 2023

Enabling
Enabling is creating an atmosphere with the potential for the community to develop optimally.So empowerment must provide freedom for the community from existing structures.Violence against women and children is still very much happening in society.This violence has an impact on the health and mental health of victims.The amount of violence that often occurs and causes victims among women and children.Several complaints from victims make law enforcers, and DWECP must resolve by providing facilities for those who need information related to cases of violence because every community needs to be motivated to be involved in community development activities by providing socialization to increase knowledge for the local community.
Surabaya City can develop programs that help victims of violence to access safe places.That could include the construction of safe houses, the provision of temporary housing support, and the availability of safe public transportation.There should be safe and confidential shelters for women and children who are victims of violence.These homes should have adequate facilities and resources to support victims in overcoming trauma and restarting their lives.Resettlement also involves improving women's and children's access to health, education, and employment services Based on the above pattern, violence faced by women and children can be in the form of physical and non-physical violence.Perpetrators of violence against women and children can be individual, community, or social.The causes of violence against women and children vary from economic to social problems.Most of the perpetrators are the closest people or even their own family.DWECP Surabaya City is overcoming the problem by providing education and assistance so that the problem can be resolved, not only through prevention, prosecution, and assistance are also carried out to victims.Complaints made by victims are expected to get protection from the threat of violence that will occur.The health of the victims is the main focus of the recovery process so that it does not drag on for a long time.This time, the victims are guided or given direction because the effects of this violence can harm the mental and physical psychology of the victims.DWECP focuses on medical rehabilitation as well as psychological and social rehabilitation.Medical rehabilitation is given in order to conclude the injuries of the child.In contrast, psychological rehabilitation is carried out so that the child can forget the sinister events that have happened to him, forget his dark past, and grow as usual to grow normally again by not remembering bad things.In contrast, social rehabilitation is an integrated recovery, both physically complementary and socially (Sari & Irhandayaningsih, 2018).
Social reintegration services for women and children victims of violence involve a range of efforts to assist those who have experienced violence in recovery and reintegration back into society.Social reintegration services are designed to provide holistic and sustainable support.Essential components of social reintegration service coverage for women and children victims of violence: 1) Psychosocial Recovery, 2) Education and Skills, 3) Assistance and Monitoring, and 4) Legal Protection.Women and children giving their testimony as witnesses and victims always get protection from witness and victim protection agencies.Victims who provide testimony must get security and protection from all threats and intimidation of the perpetrator so that the victim is not depressed in giving their testimony (Aguswan & Abdul Mirad, 2021).
Based on the data and interviews, the community is given better information so that the people of Surabaya City can understand well about the current violence.There are complaints related to these violence cases, so law enforcers and DWECP must be able to resolve the existing problems.It is hoped that the community understands how dangerous violence cases are if they continue to occur because they can attack mentally and, more severely, can take victims.

Empowerment
Empowerment is strengthening people's knowledge in solving problems and meeting their needs.Empowerment must foster community confidence, ability, and knowledge, which can be achieved through anti-violence counseling and improving the surrounding environment.Anti-violence counseling can educate the community so they can later test their abilities and understanding (Cahyono, 2019).Strengthening can be done by conducting training for pioneer members to increase knowledge.This counseling can provide information aimed at the community without helping to explore the issues or themes being conveyed.By going directly to the community, this counseling is given better knowledge and information so that the people of Surabaya City also understand the violence that is currently rife.
The rampant violence against women and children that still occurs in the local community is urged to unite to narrow the space for perpetrators of violence who target women and children.With more people than the perpetrators, there will be more power to monitor the perpetrators (Istiqomah et al., 2022).Hopefully, the community will have a high level of concern and immediately move to do something to prevent violence against children.Communities with high self-confidence motivate victims of violence (Herman, 2020).Such as giving praise by using positive sentences.The community's ability to motivate victims so that the number of violence can gradually decrease.Therefore, knowledge is needed from the community and existing pioneer members because these pioneer members become a bridge to provide information to the community (Rahma et al., 2019).An essential next step in reducing violence is for the Surabaya City Government to work with non-governmental organizations to provide skills training to women and children who are vulnerable to violence.That will help them gain economic and social independence and more easily escape dangerous situations (Praera et al., 2021).In addition, education programs that promote gender equality and self-awareness can also increase empowerment.With skills training for women and children vulnerable to violence, they can gain economic and social independence and gender equality education in the school curriculum to raise awareness about the rights of women and children and promote healthy relationships between genders (Margayaningsih, 2018).
Based on data and community interviews, pioneer members are trained to disseminate directions and information to the community to understand in the sense that they listen and remember what has been conveyed.Socializing information frequently is expected to change the mindset of the community.The cause of the violence is a lack of understanding of the often occurring anti-violence and the lack of information counseling by members or institutions concerned.

Protection
Protection is protecting the weak and preventing the exploitation of the strong against the weak.This empowerment must include eliminating all types of discrimination and domination unfavorable to small communities.Women and children are categorized as vulnerable groups who are victims of violence, so they need protection.The Surabaya City Government will further strengthen its position in preventing the handling of cases of violence and bullying against vulnerable groups, especially women and children.The Surabaya City Government also supervises the protection of women and children.That minimizes the occurrence of violations committed during the implementation of the plan.The cooperation of various parties is a factor in the program's success.The establishment of DWECP aims to support the empowerment of women and children to create a better society.
Protection involves increased law enforcement against perpetrators of violence.Surabaya City Government can work with the police and the justice system to ensure that perpetrators of violence are punished in accordance with applicable laws.That also includes protecting witnesses and victims who report violence.Training programs for law enforcement officers can strengthen their ability to handle these cases of violence more effectively by ensuring vigorous law enforcement against perpetrators of violence by engaging police and justice system officials who are committed to prosecuting perpetrators by applicable laws and providing protection to victims who report violence, including the provision of witness protection and taking preventive action if victims are in danger.
Based on the interviews and data above, weak communities can be protected from violence with protection.So that there is no violence anywhere, before there is violence, it must first be addressed what is wrong or lacking.Families who are experiencing problems must be given more in-depth knowledge so that violence does not occur.The role of the Surabaya City Government and DWECP is expected to be more active in socializing with the community to increase public understanding.Furthermore, the involvement of stakeholders by their expertise is also needed.

Support
Support is providing guidance and support to weak communities, especially women and children, so that they can fulfill their life roles.Parents must better understand the importance of education for children.The interaction between parents and children when undergoing communication makes the parents' condition worse (Hamdani & Arsyad, 2022)..One way to avoid violence is to improve communication within the family scope of discussion that must be considered.The role of the surrounding community also helps in this case of violence by assisting victims and emergency assistance by referring to service institutions according to the problem.It is hoped that the surrounding community's role can reduce violence that still occurs frequently (Rosydiana, 2023).
Prosecution is the next step of protection and involves actively prosecuting perpetrators of violence.Surabaya City Government can ensure that these violence cases are thoroughly investigated and perpetrators are brought to justice.Ensuring that victims feel heard and justice is served is essential by ensuring that each case of violence is investigated carefully and professionally to gather evidence strong enough for prosecution, ensuring fair and efficient trials for perpetrators of violence, and providing legal support to victims throughout the court process.
Information from family counseling interviews is essential to prevent victims of violence.It is known that the impact of violence can damage a person's mental or psychological condition, which can be traumatized-and physical disability for the victim.Mutual respect is shown by simply appreciating everything done, being positive, always saying thanks, and not forgetting to say please for something.Family care: This activity is directed at improving the ability of parents to care for children in their age development.Anti-violence counseling and counseling are solutions that can stop cases of violence.

Maintenance
For conditions to be conducive, there must be a balance in power distribution between various community groups.In Surabaya City, there are still several complaints.That is because most victims of violence keep it to themselves and do not want to report it to the authorities.Even though it is the responsibility of DWECP if there are citizens who report.Victims must be facilitated with easy access to treatment.Most importantly, the perpetrators of these violent cases must be given various sanctions to provide a deterrent effect.The role of the community in this strategy is crucial in handling cases of violence against women and children.Human rights violations have resulted in women and children becoming victims of violence.
Maintenance is an ongoing step in reducing the level of violence.Surabaya City can develop education and awareness programs that aim to prevent violence before it occurs.That includes social and public education campaigns that promote a culture free from violence and gender equality.By conducting regular public awareness campaigns that educate the community about the negative impact of violence on women and children and invite the community to participate in prevention efforts as well as organizing early education programs in schools to teach the values of gender equality and recognizing the signs of violence.
According to the interview results, many people are still reluctant to report problems that occur.According to the informant, many residents of Surabaya City are afraid to report.They believe it will not be handled if they report to the authorities.Nonetheless, DWECP is quite good at preventing violence against women and children in Surabaya City; each member performs according to their duties.Law enforcers also impose sanctions on perpetrators of violence so that they get what they deserve.

Positive Impact of Strategies to Reduce Violence Against Women and Children
The development of globalization and the rapid lifestyle changes of some parents have brought fundamental social changes in people's lives, which affect children's behavior and values (Afrizal et al., 2020).Children must get protection from the impact of these negative changes.Every child should receive legal protection, whether from parents or other family members, and most importantly, the protection provided by the government and related institutions.That will help to reduce child abuse (Anggraini, 2019).Realizing order, regularity, and justice is the purpose of law.In addition, the law aims to protect humans (Astuti, 2018).Although it only protects passively by preventing arbitrary actions and violations of rights, it also protects actively, namely by creating conditions and encouraging humans to humanize themselves (Syafitri et al., 2022).
DWECP was formed to have two objectives, namely, the general objective is to provide services for acts of violence against women and children and participate in the empowerment of women and children in order to achieve justice (Rohayati & Kartini, 2019).In addition, there are also specific objectives, namely providing facilities for women and children who need information and services on problems faced by victims of violence and managed independently by the community and in collaboration with the government, increasing awareness of the community and other government organizations to meet the needs of women and children, increasing the responsibility of all parties to prevent all forms of victims of violence, in every aspect women and children are protected from all types of violence.
The flow to make complaints about people who are victims of violence is to report to the Kelurahan PPA Task Force first to be forwarded to the.The Kelurahan PPA Task Force will make the report to be continued to a higher stage, namely the sub-district (Zulfiani et al., 2019).The report will be sent to the Regional Pokja after the sub-district has completed it.Once completed, this work will submit a follow-up complaint to the Mayor for further action.The first strategy in preventing violence against women and children in Surabaya City is conducting anti-violence counseling to increase public awareness of preventing violence against women and children.The implementation of the counseling program is seen from the active counseling to the community, considering the importance of awareness of the dangers of violence in this country is still a severe problem that is not often underestimated.So, of course, the volunteers of counseling activities must have adequate information.The second strategy is the counseling program.This program is focused on the problems that occur and how to solve them involving the family.With the existence of anti-crisis-based handling, it can instill public awareness about the importance of reducing violence against women and children.In addition, this activity is monitored directly by the center to be able to provide clear and unmistakable information.
Family problems in Indonesia have often been taken for granted by society.However, without realizing it, these problems are often the beginning of many cases of violence against women and children that can significantly impact the physical and mental health of family members.Hence, various family counseling movements aim to reduce cases of family problems.However, this is not an easy step to achieve.Human resources and supporting material resources are the two main components that must be fulfilled.Both of these are needed in counseling each family.However, if there are insufficient human resources to fulfill this, coupled with inadequate supporting material resources, it can hamper the counseling program.Apart from women, children are also the victims.
Over time, violence can appear anytime and anywhere.One way to avoid violence is to improve communication within the family scope of the discussion, which must be considered.However, it is also necessary to pay attention to how it is delivered (Ekaningtyas, 2020).All official services from authorized institutions in protecting victims of domestic violence are fully supported by the government for human rights, especially the protection of women and children (Zulfiani et al., 2019).However, not all domestic violence victimizes women and children alone; some men are victims of domestic violence.Because of the economic pressure, the wife demands expenses for this and that.
In Surabaya City itself, cases of violence against women and children are still rampant.the rise of cases of violence against women and children has made a significant increase.Violence against the future of the family members themselves, then the victims must be facilitated with easy access to treatment, and most importantly, of course, the perpetrators of these cases of violence must be given various sanctions so that they can provide a deterrent effect.So, the solutions to overcome violence against women and children include (i).Increase public awareness about overcoming violence against women and children in individual, social, and institutional contexts; (ii).Awareness of law enforcers is increased to overcome violence against women and children quickly (iii)-counseling assistance to victims of violence against women and children.The impact of such violence can cause severe trauma, psychological disorders, or even physical disabilities for victims.
Based on the data analysis above, it can be said that the number of cases of violence against women and children in Surabaya City is not a bad achievement and not a good achievement either.From a bad achievement, the high number of victims of violence shows that the practice of violence still exists and the violence eradication program is still less successful.A decrease in the number of victims of violence will not be achieved if there is no openness between the community and the government and there is good cooperation.A good achievement means that the existing violence data is data that has been processed.Indirectly, it shows that public awareness is not yet accustomed to reporting incidents of violence and that DWECP Surabaya City has fulfilled its role as an integrated service center institution.
In reducing violence against women and children in Surabaya City, it is essential to adopt a comprehensive approach.The 5Ps theory provides a solid framework to achieve this.Surabaya City can create a safer and more equitable environment for women and children through enabling, strengthening, protecting, enabling, enabling, and maintaining.However, it is essential to note that implementing this strategy requires cooperation across sectors, including the government, non-governmental organizations, the police, and the community.In addition, periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of this strategy is needed to ensure that the measures taken reduce the level of violence.

CONCLUSION
Handling and preventing violence against women and children has different strategies depending on the place and conditions, such as members' availability, facilities, infrastructure, and implementation time.The organization uses two approaches to preventing violence against women and children: community development through anti-violence counseling.Second, counseling for families where violence has occurred is based on individual reports.These strategies and efforts are chosen based on considerations and rationalities that occur in the field.Preventing or overcoming various forms of violence experienced by women and children needs severe attention and care.Increasing women's awareness of their rights and obligations regulated in law, increasing awareness of law enforcement to act quickly in overcoming violence against women and children, and reforming the health service system better to overcome violence against women and children.
Efforts to increase awareness of preventing violence against women and children to maximize community participation; however, this effort still has limited funds.Public legal awareness is one part of the legal culture.Law enforcement not only implements laws and regulations but includes judges' decisions.Applying the law is also an effort to ensure the legal protection of the community; the community must be governed by favorable laws that can be understood and respected so that everyone is treated equally and that legal protection of human rights can be guaranteed.Reducing the level of violence against women and children in Surabaya City is a complex challenge, but by adopting the 5P theory approach, Surabaya City can build a solid foundation to address this issue.Enabling, strengthening, protecting, enabling, and maintaining are essential to help create a safer and fairer society for all its citizens.A strong commitment from all parties involved must support these steps.
The perpetrators can control their emotions as well as possible so that there is no more violence.Self-defense is an effort to protect themselves in the face of various community characters in their duties.To all parties, especially the community, to play a role in overcoming and preventing acts of violence against women and children by participating and socializing.The Women and Children Protection Service Standards establish the right of victims of violence to obtain security and protection from violence, torture, discrimination, and other harsh treatment that can degrade human dignity and violate human rights.Anyone who knows or sees acts of violence against women and children should immediately report to DWECP or the police for immediate help.

Table 1 .
Interview Results on Strategies to Reduce Violence Against Women and Children in Surabaya City Enablers Facilitate victims of violence by providing information related to cases of violence Strengthening Pioneer members are trained to disseminate guidance, and socializing information frequently is expected to change the mindset of the community.Protection